Osteoporosis: Multimedia

References

1. Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Oden A, Melton LJ 3rd, Khaltaev N. A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone. Mar 2008;42(3):467-75. Epub 2007 Nov 17. [Medline].

2. Silverman SL. Selecting patients for osteoporosis therapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Nov 2007;1117:264-72. [Medline].

3. Czerwiski E, Badurski JE, Marcinowska-Suchowierska E, Osieleniec J. Current understanding of osteoporosis according to the position of the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Osteoporosis Foundation. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil. Jul-Aug 2007;9(4):337-56. Review. [Medline].

4. Kanis JA. Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: synopsis of a WHO report. WHO Study Group. Osteoporos Int. Nov 1994;4(6):368-81. [Medline].

5. Osteoporos Int. Who are candidates for prevention and treatment for osteoporosis?. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(1):1-6. [Medline].

6. Kado DM, Browner WS, Palermo L. Vertebral fractures and mortality in older women: a prospective study. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Arch Intern Med. Jun 14 1999;159(11):1215-20. [Medline].

7. Trombetti A, Herrmann F, Hoffmeyer P. Survival and potential years of life lost after hip fracture in men and age-matched women. Osteoporos Int. Sep 2002;13(9):731-7. [Medline].

8. Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Yeh JK. Risk for osteoporosis in black women. Calcif Tissue Int. Dec 1996;59(6):415-23. [Medline].

9. Lau EM, Cooper C. The epidemiology of osteoporosis. The oriental perspective in a world context. Clin Orthop. Feb 1996;(323):65-74. [Medline].

10. Lauderdale DS, Jacobsen SJ, Furner SE. Hip fracture incidence among elderly Hispanics. Am J Public Health. Aug 1998;88(8):1245-7. [Medline].

11. Chon KS, Sartoris DJ, Brown SA. Alcoholism-associated spinal and femoral bone loss in abstinent male alcoholics, as measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Skeletal Radiol. 1992;21(7):431-6. [Medline].

12. Lynn SG, Sinaki M, Westerlind KC. Balance characteristics of persons with osteoporosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Mar 1997;78(3):273-7. [Medline].

13. Lin JT, Lane JM. Bisphosphonates. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Jan-Feb 2003;11(1):1-4. [Medline].

14. [Best Evidence] Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Stuck AE, Staehelin HB, Orav EJ, et al. Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. Mar 23 2009;169(6):551-61. [Medline].

15. Ledlie JT, Renfro M. Balloon kyphoplasty: one-year outcomes in vertebral body height restoration, chronic pain, and activity levels. J Neurosurg. Jan 2003;98(1 Suppl):36-42. [Medline].

16. Schwab P, Klein RF. Nonpharmacological approaches to improve bone health and reduce osteoporosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. Mar 2008;20(2):213-217. [Medline].

17. Lin JT, Lane JM. Nonmedical management of osteoporosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. Jul 2002;14(4):441-6. [Medline].

18. Iwamoto J, Takeda T, Ichimura S. Effect of exercise training and detraining on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. J Orthop Sci. 2001;6(2):128-32. [Medline].

19. Kerschan-Shindl K, Uher E, Kainberger F, et al. Long-term home exercise program: effect in women at high risk of fracture. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Mar 2000;81(3):319-23. [Medline].

20. Robertson MC, Devlin N, Gardner MM. Effectiveness and economic evaluation of a nurse delivered home exercise programme to prevent falls. 1: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ. Mar 24 2001;322(7288):697-701. [Medline].

21. Walker M, Klentrous P, Chow R, Plyley M. Longitudinal evaluation of supervised versus unsupervised exercise programs for the treatment of osteoporosis. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;83:349-355. [Medline].

22. Wolf SL, Barnhart HX, Kutner NG, et al. Reducing frailty and falls in older persons: an investigation of Tai Chi and computerized balance training. Atlanta FICSIT Group. Frailty and Injuries: Cooperative Studies of Intervention Techniques. J Am Geriatr Soc. May 1996;44(5):489-97. [Medline].

23. Carter ND, Khan KM, Petit MA, et al. Results of a 10 week community based strength and balance training programme to reduce fall risk factors: a randomised controlled trial in 65-75 year old women with osteoporosis. Br J Sports Med. Oct 2001;35(5):348-51. [Medline].

24. Sinaki M, Itoi E, Wahner HW. Stronger back muscles reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures: a prospective 10 year follow-up of postmenopausal women. Bone. Jun 2002;30(6):836-41. [Medline].

25. Sinaki M, Itoi E, Rogers JW. Correlation of back extensor strength with thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in estrogen-deficient women. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Sep-Oct 1996;75(5):370-4. [Medline].

26. Chien MY, Wu YT, Hsu AT, Yang RS, Lai JS. Efficacy of a 24-week aerobic exercise program for osteopenic postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int. Dec 2000;67(6):443-8. [Medline].

27. Snow CM, Shaw JM, Winters KM. Long-term exercise using weighted vests prevents hip bone loss in postmenopausal women. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. Sep 2000;55(9):M489-91. [Medline].

28. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Fracture Prevention Treatments for Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. AHRQ: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/healthInfo.cfm?infotype=sg&DocID=95&ProcessID=8. Accessed January 30, 2009.

Further Reading

Clinical guidelines

Bisphosphonates (alendronate, etidronate, risedronate), selective oestrogen receptor modulators (raloxifene) and parathyroid hormone (teriparatide) for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fragility fractures in postmenopausal women. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) - National Government Agency [Non-U.S.].  2005 Jan.  51 pages. [NGC Update Pending] NGC:005419

ACR Appropriateness Criteria® osteoporosis and bone mineral density. American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society.  1998 (revised 2007).  12 pages.  NGC:005990

Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement - Private Nonprofit Organization.  2002 Aug (revised 2008 Sep).  67 pages.  NGC:006738

Physician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons - Medical Specialty Society
American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - Medical Specialty Society
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists - Medical Specialty Society
American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society
American College of Rheumatology - Medical Specialty Society
American Geriatrics Society - Medical Specialty Society
American Medical Association - Medical Specialty Society
International Society for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation - Medical Specialty Society
National Osteoporosis Foundation - Disease Specific Society
The Endocrine Society - Disease Specific Society.  1999 (revised 2003 Apr).  37 pages.  NGC:003073

Related eMedicine topics

Hip Fracture

Idiopathic Scoliosis

Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures

Subtrochanteric Hip Fractures

Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty, Percutaneous

Clinical trials

Randomized Trial of Osteoporosis Intervention Strategies in Hip Fracture Patients

Strategies to Treat Osteoporosis Following a Fragility Fracture

Osteoporosis Choice Decision Aid for Use of Bisphosphonates in Postmenopausal Women

Patient- and Physician-Based Osteoporosis Education

Keywords

osteoporosis, porous bones, weak bones, metabolic bone disease, hip fracture, vertebral compression fracture, dowager hump, dowager's hump, scoliosis, collagen defect, bone fragility, decreased bone mass, decreased bone mineral density, decreased BMD

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Julie Lin, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Assistant Attending Physiatrist, Physiatry Department, Hospital for Special Surgery
Julie Lin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Medical Association, North American Spine Society, and Physiatric Association of Spine, Sports and Occupational Rehabilitation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Joseph M Lane, MD, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Weill Medical College of Cornell University; Chief, Metabolic Bone Disease Service, Hospital for Special Surgery
Joseph M Lane, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association of University Professors, American Federation for Aging Research, American Orthopaedic Association, American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons, Medical Society of the State of New York, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society, National Osteoporosis Foundation, North American Spine Society, and Orthopaedic Research Society
Disclosure: P & G; Roche; Lilly: Aventis: Novartis: Spinewave; biomimetics; Zimmer; DFine; Innovative Solutions; Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Medical Editor

Miguel A Schmitz, MD, Consulting Surgeon, Department of Orthopedics, Klamath Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Clinic
Miguel A Schmitz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine, and Arthroscopy Association of North America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Jerome D Wiedel, MD, Chair, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Dinesh Patel, MD, FACS, Associate Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Chief of Arthroscopic Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
Dinesh Patel, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, American College of International Physicians, and American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Harris Gellman, MD, Consulting Surgeon, Broward Hand Center; Voluntary Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine
Harris Gellman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Medical Acupuncture, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Orthopaedic Association, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, and Arkansas Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.