eMedicine Specialties > Endocrinology > Metabolic Disorders

Cyclooxygenase Deficiency: Multimedia

Author: George T Griffing, MD, Professor of Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine
Coauthor(s): John R Witherow, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: May 22, 2008

Multimedia

Twenty-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid with cyc...Media file 1: Twenty-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid with cyclopentane ring.
Twenty-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid with cyc...

Twenty-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid with cyclopentane ring.

Cyclooxygenase conversion of arachidonic acid int...Media file 2: Cyclooxygenase conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2 (PGH2).
Cyclooxygenase conversion of arachidonic acid int...

Cyclooxygenase conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2 (PGH2).

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2).Media file 3: Thromboxane A2 (TXA2).
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2).

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2).

Prostacyclin (PGI2).Media file 4: Prostacyclin (PGI2).
Prostacyclin (PGI2).

Prostacyclin (PGI2).

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).Media file 5: Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

More on Cyclooxygenase Deficiency

References

References

  1. Khanapure SP, Garvey DS, Janero DR, et al. Eicosanoids in inflammation: biosynthesis, pharmacology, and therapeutic frontiers. Curr Top Med Chem. 2007;7(3):311-40. [Medline].

  2. Nyman D, Eriksson AW, Blombäck M, et al. Recent investigations of the first bleeder family in Aland (Finland) described by von Willebrand. Thromb Haemost. Feb 23 1981;45(1):73-6. [Medline].

  3. Nyman D, Eriksson AW, Lehmann W, et al. Inherited defective platelet aggregation with arachidonate as the main expression of a defective metabolism of arachidonic acid. Thromb Res. 1979;14(4-5):739-46. [Medline].

  4. Horellou MH, Lecompte T, Lecrubier C, et al. Familial and constitutional bleeding disorder due to platelet cyclo-oxygenase deficiency. Am J Hematol. Feb 1983;14(1):1-9. [Medline].

  5. Nasrallah R, Clark J, Hébert RL. Prostaglandins in the kidney: developments since Y2K. Clin Sci (Lond). Oct 2007;113(7):297-311. [Medline].

  6. Langenbach R, Loftin C, Lee C, et al. Cyclooxygenase knockout mice: models for elucidating isoform-specific functions. Biochem Pharmacol. Oct 15 1999;58(8):1237-46. [Medline].

  7. Lim H, Paria BC, Das SK, et al. Multiple female reproductive failures in cyclooxygenase 2-deficient mice. Cell. Oct 17 1997;91(2):197-208. [Medline].

  8. Dinchuk JE, Car BD, Focht RJ, et al. Renal abnormalities and an altered inflammatory response in mice lacking cyclooxygenase II. Nature. Nov 23 1995;378(6555):406-9. [Medline].

  9. Cheng HF, Wang JL, Zhang MZ, et al. Angiotensin II attenuates renal cortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression. J Clin Invest. Apr 1999;103(7):953-61. [Medline][Full Text].

  10. Pidgeon GP, Lysaght J, Krishnamoorthy S, et al. Lipoxygenase metabolism: roles in tumor progression and survival. Cancer Metastasis Rev. Dec 2007;26(3-4):503-24. [Medline].

  11. Wang MT, Honn KV, Nie D. Cyclooxygenases, prostanoids, and tumor progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev. Dec 2007;26(3-4):525-34. [Medline].

  12. Fortun PJ, Hawkey CJ. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and the small intestine. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. Mar 2007;23(2):134-41. [Medline].

  13. Schafer AI. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory therapy on platelets. Am J Med. May 31 1999;106(5B):25S-36S. [Medline].

  14. Goodman T, Sharma P, Ferro A. The genetics of aspirin resistance. Int J Clin Pract. May 2007;61(5):826-34. [Medline].

  15. Patrono C, Rocca B. Drug insight: aspirin resistance--fact or fashion?. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. Jan 2007;4(1):42-50. [Medline].

  16. Tsujii M, DuBois RN. Alterations in cellular adhesion and apoptosis in epithelial cells overexpressing prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2. Cell. Nov 3 1995;83(3):493-501. [Medline].

  17. Oshima M, Dinchuk JE, Kargman SL, et al. Suppression of intestinal polyposis in Apc delta716 knockout mice by inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). Cell. Nov 29 1996;87(5):803-9. [Medline].

  18. Oshima M, Oshima H, Tsutsumi M, et al. Effects of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine on intestinal polyp development in Apc delta 716 knockout mice. Mol Carcinog. Jan 1996;15(1):11-7. [Medline].

  19. Sanborn R, Blanke CD. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition in colorectal cancer: boom or bust?. Semin Oncol. Feb 2005;32(1):69-75. [Medline].

  20. Smith WL, DeWitt DL. Biochemistry of prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase-1 and synthase-2 and their differential susceptibility to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Semin Nephrol. May 1995;15(3):179-94. [Medline].

  21. Smith WL, Dewitt DL. Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases-1 and -2. Adv Immunol. 1996;62:167-215. [Medline].

  22. Arakawa T, Higuchi K, Fukuda T, et al. Prostaglandins in the stomach: an update. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1998;27 Suppl 1:S1-11. [Medline].

  23. Baylis C, Slangen B, Hussain S, et al. Relationship between basal NO release and cyclooxygenase products in the normal rat kidney. Am J Physiol. Nov 1996;271(5 Pt 2):R1327-34. [Medline].

  24. Bjordal JM, Ljunggren AE, Klovning A, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors, in osteoarthritic knee pain: meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials. BMJ. Dec 4 2004;329(7478):1317. [Medline][Full Text].

  25. Botting R, Ayoub SS. COX-3 and the mechanism of action of paracetamol/acetaminophen. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. Feb 2005;72(2):85-7. [Medline].

  26. Botting RM. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenases: mechanisms, selectivity and uses. J Physiol Pharmacol. Nov 2006;57 Suppl 5:113-24. [Medline][Full Text].

  27. Brown JR, DuBois RN. COX-2: a molecular target for colorectal cancer prevention. J Clin Oncol. Apr 20 2005;23(12):2840-55. [Medline].

  28. Brune K. Safety of anti-inflammatory treatment--new ways of thinking. Rheumatology (Oxford). Feb 2004;43 Suppl 1:i16-20. [Medline][Full Text].

  29. Chinery R, Coffey RJ, Graves-Deal R, et al. Prostaglandin J2 and 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 induce proliferation of cyclooxygenase-depleted colorectal cancer cells. Cancer Res. Jun 1 1999;59(11):2739-46. [Medline][Full Text].

  30. Coceani F, Barogi S, Brizzi F, et al. Cyclooxygenase isoenzymes and patency of ductus arteriosus. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. Feb 2005;72(2):71-7. [Medline].

  31. Davidge ST, Hubel CA, McLaughlin MK. Cyclooxygenase-dependent vasoconstrictor alters vascular function in the vitamin E-deprived rat. Circ Res. Jul 1993;73(1):79-88. [Medline].

  32. Davis BJ, Lennard DE, Lee CA, et al. Anovulation in cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice is restored by prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1beta. Endocrinology. Jun 1999;140(6):2685-95. [Medline][Full Text].

  33. Egan K, FitzGerald GA. Eicosanoids and the vascular endothelium. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2006;(176 Pt 1):189-211. [Medline].

  34. FitzGerald GA. Prostaglandins and related compounds. In: Wyngaarden J, Smith L, eds. Cecil Textbook of Medicine. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1992:1206-12.

  35. Francois H, Coffman TM. Prostanoids and blood pressure: which way is up?. J Clin Invest. Sep 2004;114(6):757-9. [Medline][Full Text].

  36. Frishman WH. Effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy on blood pressure and peripheral edema. Am J Cardiol. Mar 21 2002;89(6A):18D-25D. [Medline].

  37. Fuse I, Hattori A, Nagayama R. Characterization of platelet cytoplasmic Ca2+ mobilization in patients with congenital cyclo-oxygenase deficiency and with defective platelet aggregation to A23187. Nippon Ketsueki Gakkai Zasshi. Dec 1989;52(8):1522-33. [Medline].

  38. Fürstenberger G, Krieg P, Müller-Decker K, et al. What are cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases doing in the driver's seat of carcinogenesis?. Int J Cancer. Nov 15 2006;119(10):2247-54. [Medline].

  39. George JN, Shattil SJ. Acquired disorders of platelet function. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ Jr, Shattil SJ, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1995:1926-30.

  40. Gudis K, Sakamoto C. The role of cyclooxygenase in gastric mucosal protection. Dig Dis Sci. Oct 2005;50 Suppl 1:S16-23. [Medline].

  41. Harding P, Sigmon DH, Alfie ME, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 mediates increased renal renin content induced by low-sodium diet. Hypertension. Jan 1997;29(1 Pt 2):297-302. [Medline][Full Text].

  42. Harris RC, McKanna JA, Akai Y, et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with the macula densa of rat kidney and increases with salt restriction. J Clin Invest. Dec 1994;94(6):2504-10. [Medline][Full Text].

  43. Hawkey CJ, Langman MJ. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: overall risks and management. Complementary roles for COX-2 inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors. Gut. Apr 2003;52(4):600-8. [Medline][Full Text].

  44. Hersh EV, Lally ET, Moore PA. Update on cyclooxygenase inhibitors: has a third COX isoform entered the fray?. Curr Med Res Opin. Aug 2005;21(8):1217-26. [Medline].

  45. Huntjens DR, Danhof M, Della Pasqua OE. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlations and biomarkers in the development of COX-2 inhibitors. Rheumatology (Oxford). Jul 2005;44(7):846-59. [Medline][Full Text].

  46. Insel PA. Analgesic-antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agents and drugs employed in the treatment of gout. In: Goodman LS, Gilman A, Gilman AG, eds. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacologic Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. New York, NY: Pergamon Press; 1996:617-21.

  47. Kam PC, See AU. Cyclo-oxygenase isoenzymes: physiological and pharmacological role. Anaesthesia. May 2000;55(5):442-9. [Medline].

  48. Kis B, Snipes JA, Busija DW. Acetaminophen and the cyclooxygenase-3 puzzle: sorting out facts, fictions, and uncertainties. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. Oct 2005;315(1):1-7. [Medline][Full Text].

  49. Konstantinopoulos PA, Lehmann DF. The cardiovascular toxicity of selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors: comparisons, contrasts, and aspirin confounding. J Clin Pharmacol. Jul 2005;45(7):742-50. [Medline].

  50. Kujubu DA, Herschman HR. Dexamethasone inhibits mitogen induction of the TIS10 prostaglandin synthase/cyclooxygenase gene. J Biol Chem. Apr 25 1992;267(12):7991-4. [Medline][Full Text].

  51. Li L, Pettit AR, Gregory LS, et al. Regulation of bone biology by prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases (PGHS): a rose by any other name... Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. Jun 2006;17(3):203-16. [Medline].

  52. Matijevic-Aleksic N, McPhedran P, Wu KK. Bleeding disorder due to platelet prostaglandin H synthase-1 (PGHS-1) deficiency. Br J Haematol. Jan 1996;92(1):212-7. [Medline].

  53. Meydani M. Modulation of the platelet thromboxane A2 and aortic prostacyclin synthesis by dietary selenium and vitamin E. Biol Trace Elem Res. Apr-Jun 1992;33:79-86. [Medline].

  54. Murphy FJ, Reen DJ. Diminished production of prostaglandin E2 by monocytes of newborns is due to altered fatty acid membrane content and reduced cyclooxygenase activity. J Immunol. Oct 1 1996;157(7):3116-21. [Medline].

  55. O'Neill GP, Ford-Hutchinson AW. Expression of mRNA for cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 in human tissues. FEBS Lett. Sep 13 1993;330(2):156-60. [Medline].

  56. Smith HS. Arachidonic acid pathways in nociception. J Support Oncol. Jun 2006;4(6):277-87. [Medline].

  57. Sohn HY, Krötz F. Cyclooxygenase inhibition and atherothrombosis. Curr Drug Targets. Oct 2006;7(10):1275-84. [Medline].

  58. Straube S, Derry S, McQuay HJ, et al. Effect of preoperative Cox-II-selective NSAIDs (coxibs) on postoperative outcomes: a systematic review of randomized studies. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. May 2005;49(5):601-13. [Medline].

  59. Tseng CC, Wolfe MM. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Med Clin North Am. Sep 2000;84(5):1329-44. [Medline].

  60. Weir MR, Sperling RS, Reicin A, et al. Selective COX-2 inhibition and cardiovascular effects: a review of the rofecoxib development program. Am Heart J. Oct 2003;146(4):591-604. [Medline].

  61. Williams CS, DuBois RN. Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase: why two isoforms?. Am J Physiol. Mar 1996;270(3 Pt 1):G393-400. [Medline].

  62. Wilson DE. Role of prostaglandins in gastroduodenal mucosal protection. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1991;13 Suppl 1:S65-71. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

cyclooxygenase deficiency, COX deficiency, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase deficiency, PTGS deficiency, fatty acid cyclooxygenase deficiency, prostaglandin H synthase deficiency, PGH synthase deficiency, EC 1.14.99.1 deficiency, eicosanoid, seminal fluid, COX inhibition, COX-1, PTGS-1,COX-2, PTGS-2, thromboxane A2, TXA2

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

George T Griffing, MD, Professor of Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine
George T Griffing, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Medical Practice Executives, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Medical Research, American Heart Association, Central Society for Clinical Research, Endocrine Society, International Society for Clinical Densitometry, and Southern Society for Clinical Investigation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

John R Witherow, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine
John R Witherow, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Radiological Society of North America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Dimitris A Papanicolaou, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, Emory University
Dimitris A Papanicolaou, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, Endocrine Society, and Royal Society of Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Arthur B Chausmer, MD, PhD, FACP, FACE, FACN, CNS, Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology, Adj), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Affiliate Research Professor, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University; Principal, C/A Informatics, LLC
Arthur B Chausmer, MD, PhD, FACP, FACE, FACN, CNS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, American College of Nutrition, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Medical Informatics Association, American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, American Society of Law Medicine and Ethics, Endocrine Society, and International Society for Clinical Densitometry
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

George T Griffing, MD, Professor of Medicine, St Louis University School of Medicine
George T Griffing, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Medical Practice Executives, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Physicians, American Diabetes Association, American Federation for Medical Research, American Heart Association, Central Society for Clinical Research, Endocrine Society, International Society for Clinical Densitometry, and Southern Society for Clinical Investigation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.