eMedicine Specialties > Orthopedic Surgery > Trauma
General Principles of Fracture Care: Multimedia
Updated: Mar 5, 2009
Multimedia
![]() | Media file 1: Gustilo type IIIB open fracture. |
![]() | Media file 2: Angiographic evidence of vascular injury after traumatic injury (Gustilo type IIIC open fracture). |
![]() | Media file 3: Midshaft femoral fracture with associated ipsilateral hip dislocation. This radiograph illustrates the rule of 2s principle. |
![]() | Media file 4: Femur fracture managed with skeletal traction and use of a Steinmann pin in the distal femur. |
![]() | Media file 5: Preoperative radiographs showing a type B ankle fracture. |
![]() | Media file 6: Ankle fracture radiograph after open reduction and internal fixation. |
![]() | Media file 7: Midshaft femur fracture managed with open reduction and internal fixation performed with use of an intramedullary nail. |
![]() | Media file 8: Pelvic fracture managed with external fixation. |
![]() | Media file 9: Ilizarov fixator. |
![]() | Media file 10: Every year, 1.25 million people worldwide die from injuries due to motor vehicle accidents. |
![]() | Media file 11: Radiograph in patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. |
More on General Principles of Fracture Care |
| Overview: General Principles of Fracture Care |
| Workup: General Principles of Fracture Care |
| Treatment: General Principles of Fracture Care |
| Follow-up: General Principles of Fracture Care |
Multimedia: General Principles of Fracture Care |
| References |
| Further Reading |
| « Previous Page |
References
Lidgren L. The Bone and Joint Decade 2000 -2010. Bull World Health Organ [online]. Sept 2003;81(9):629. [Full Text].
[No authors listed]. Bone and joint decade: the initiative [guest editorial]. BJDOnline. Available at http://www.boneandjointdecade.org/default.aspx?contId=229. Accessed May 7, 2007.
Corso P, Finkelstein E, Miller T, Fiebelkorn I, Zaloshnja E. Incidence and lifetime costs of injuries in the United States. Inj Prev. Aug 2006;12(4):212-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Moran DS, Israeli E, Evans RK, Yanovich R, Constantini N, Shabshin N, et al. Prediction model for stress fracture in young female recruits during basic training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Nov 2008;40(11 Suppl):S636-44. [Medline].
Gustilo RB, Merkow RL, Templeman D. The management of open fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Feb 1990;72(2):299-304. [Medline].
Brumback RJ, Jones AL. Interobserver agreement in the classification of open fractures of the tibia. The results of a survey of two hundred and forty-five orthopaedic surgeons. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Aug 1994;76(8):1162-6. [Medline].
Tscherne H, Oestern HJ. [A new classification of soft-tissue damage in open and closed fractures (author's transl)] [German]. Unfallheilkunde. Mar 1982;85(3):111-5. [Medline].
Ruedi TP, Buckley R, Moran C, eds. AO Principles of Fracture Management. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc; 2007.
Canale ST. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 10th ed. St Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book; 2003.
Court-Brown C, McQueen M, Tornetta P. Trauma. In: Schepsis AA, Busconi BD, Tornetta P, Einhorn TA, eds. Sports Medicine (Orthopedic Surgery Essentials Series). Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006.
Busse JW, Morton E, Lacchetti C, Guyatt GH, Bhandari M. Current management of tibial shaft fractures: a survey of 450 Canadian orthopedic trauma surgeons. Acta Orthop. Oct 2008;79(5):689-94. [Medline].
Gjertsen JE, Engesaeter LB, Furnes O, Havelin LI, Steindal K, Vinje T, et al. The Norwegian Hip Fracture Register: experiences after the first 2 years and 15,576 reported operations. Acta Orthop. Oct 2008;79(5):583-93. [Medline].
Parker MJ. Databases for hip fracture audit. Acta Orthop. Oct 2008;79(5):577-9. [Medline].
Holt G, Smith R, Duncan K, Finlayson DF, Gregori A. Early mortality after surgical fixation of hip fractures in the elderly: an analysis of data from the scottish hip fracture audit. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Oct 2008;90(10):1357-63. [Medline].
Evans FG. Relation of the physical properties of bone to fractures. Instr Course Lect. 1961;18:110-21. [Medline].
Pollak AN, Ficke CJ. Extremity war injuries: challenges in definitive reconstruction. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. Nov 2008;16(11):628-34. [Medline].
Frost HM. The biology of fracture healing. An overview for clinicians. Part I. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Nov 1989;248:283-93. [Medline].
Szczêsny G, Interewicz B, Swoboda-Kopec E, Olszewski WL, Górecki A, Wasilewski P. Bacteriology of callus of closed fractures of tibia and femur. J Trauma. Oct 2008;65(4):837-42. [Medline].
Farmer ME, White LR, Brody JA. Race and sex differences in hip fracture incidence. Am J Public Health. Dec 1984;74(12):1374-80. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Loder RT. The influence of diabetes mellitus on the healing of closed fractures. Clin Orthop. Jul 1988;(232):210-6. [Medline].
Giannoudis PV, MacDonald DA, Matthews SJ, et al. Nonunion of the femoral diaphysis. The influence of reaming and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Bone Joint Surg Br. Jul 2000;82(5):655-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Kwiatkowski TC, Hanley EN Jr, Ramp WK. Cigarette smoking and its orthopedic consequences. Am J Orthop. Sep 1996;25(9):590-7. [Medline].
Hernandez-Avila M, Colditz GA, Stampfer MJ, et al. Caffeine, moderate alcohol intake, and risk of fractures of the hip and forearm in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. Jul 1991;54(1):157-63. [Medline].
Bucholz RW, Heckman JD, Court-Brown C, et al, eds. Rockwood & Green's Fractures in Adults. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
Schmeling GJ, Schwab JP. Polytrauma care. The effect of head injuries and timing of skeletal fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Sep 1995;318:106-16. [Medline].
Mollitt DL. Infection control: avoiding the inevitable. Surg Clin North Am. Apr 2002;82(2):365-78. [Medline].
Steele B, Serota A, Helfet DL, Peterson M, Lyman S, Lane JM. Vitamin D Deficiency: A Common Occurrence in Both High-and Low-energy Fractures. HSS J. Sep 2008;4(2):143-8. [Medline].
American College of Surgeons. Advanced Trauma Life Support for Doctors (ATLS): Student Course Manual. 7th ed. Chicago, Ill: American College of Surgeons; 2004.
Wang AM, Yin X, Sun HZ, DU QY, Wang ZM. Damage control orthopaedics in 53 cases of severe polytrauma who have mainly sustained orthopaedic trauma. Chin J Traumatol. Oct 2008;11(5):283-7. [Medline].
Zimmerli W, Trampuz A, Ochsner PE. Prosthetic-joint infections. N Engl J Med. Oct 14 2004;351(16):1645-54. [Medline].
McManus JG, Morton MJ, Crystal CS, McArthur TJ, Helphenstine JS, Masneri DA, et al. Use of ultrasound to assess acute fracture reduction in emergency care settings. Am J Disaster Med. Jul-Aug 2008;3(4):241-7. [Medline].
Ly TV, Swiontkowski MF. Treatment of femoral neck fractures in young adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Oct 2008;90(10):2254-66. [Medline].
Bryant LR, Song WS, Banks KP, Bui-Mansfield LT, Bradley YC. Comparison of planar scintigraphy alone and with SPECT for the initial evaluation of femoral neck stress fracture. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Oct 2008;191(4):1010-5. [Medline].
Yang HL, Wang GL, Niu GQ, Liu JY, Hiltner E, Meng B, et al. Using MRI to determine painful vertebrae to be treated by kyphoplasty in multiple-level vertebral compression fractures: a prospective study. J Int Med Res. Sep-Oct 2008;36(5):1056-63. [Medline].
Rang M. Children's Fractures. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: JB Lippincott; 1983.
O'Toole RV, Andersen RC, Vesnovsky O, Alexander M, Topoleski LD, Nascone JW, et al. Are locking screws advantageous with plate fixation of humeral shaft fractures? A biomechanical analysis of synthetic and cadaveric bone. J Orthop Trauma. Nov-Dec 2008;22(10):709-15. [Medline].
Wagner F, Frigg R, eds. AO Manual of Fracture Management: Internal Fixators. New York, NY: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc; 2006.
Lambotte A. L'intervention operatoire dans les fractures recentes et anciennes. In: Relter LF, ed. Fractures. Brussels, Belgium: Henri Lamertin; 1907.
Roberts CS, Pape HC, Jones AL, et al. Damage control orthopaedics: evolving concepts in the treatment of patients who have sustained orthopaedic trauma. Instr Course Lect. 2005;54:447-62. [Medline].
Bone LB, Johnson KD, Weigelt J, Scheinberg R. Early versus delayed stabilization of femoral fractures. A prospective randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Mar 1989;71(3):336-40. [Medline].
von Volkmann R. Verletzungen und krannkheiten der bewwgungsorgane. In: Pitha FJ, Billroth T, eds. Handbuch der Allegemeinen und Speziellen Chirurgie. Vol 2. Stuttgart, Germany: Verlag von Ferdinand Enke; 1872:234-920.
[No authors listed]. Prevention of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis with low dose aspirin: Pulmonary Embolism Prevention (PEP) Trial. Lancet. Apr 15 2000;355(9212):1295-302. [Medline].
Madsen JL. Bone SPECT/CT detection of a sequestrum in chronic-infected nonunion of the tibia. Clin Nucl Med. Oct 2008;33(10):700-1. [Medline].
Tu YK, Chen AC, Chou YC, Ueng SW, Ma CH, Yen CY. Treatment for scaphoid fracture and nonunion--the application of 3.0 mm cannulated screws and pedicle vascularised bone grafts. Injury. Oct 2008;39 Suppl 4:96-106. [Medline].
Krettek C, Schandelmaier P, Miclau T, Tscherne H. Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) using the DCS in proximal and distal femoral fractures. Injury. 1997;28 (suppl 1):A20-30. [Medline].
Further Reading
Clinical guidelines
Evaluating infants and young children with multiple fractures. American Academy of Pediatrics - Medical Specialty Society. 2006 Sep. 5 pages. NGC:005253
Evidence-based care guideline for femoral shaft fractures. Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center - Hospital/Medical Center. 2002 Dec 9 (revised 2006 Jul 21; reviewed 2006 Dec). 19 pages. NGC:005206
Rib fractures. American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society. 1995 (revised 2005). 5 pages. NGC:004640
Stress/insufficiency fracture, including sacrum, excluding other vertebrae. American College of Radiology - Medical Specialty Society. 1995 (revised 2005). 7 pages. NGC:004785
Clinical trials
Clinical Study of the U-Plate Fracture Repair System to Treat Rib Fractures
Re-Evaluation of GAmma3 Intramedullary Nails in Hip Fracture (REGAIN)
Management of Displaced Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus Using Lateral vs. Crossed K-Wires
Allomatrix Injectable Putty in Distal Radius Fractures
Comparison of Balloon Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty in Subacute Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures
Percutaneous Autologous Bone-Marrow Grafting for Open Tibial Shaft Fracture
Keywords
fracture care, fracture management, open fracture, closed fracture, broken bone, traumatic bone injury, open reduction and internal fixation, ORIF, external fixation , ankle fracture, femur fracture, elbow fracture, hip fracture, cervical spine fracture, tibia and fibula fracture, vertebral fracture, knee fracture, humerus fracture, wrist fracture, pelvic fracture, foot fracture, forearm fracture






















Multimedia: General Principles of Fracture Care