Poland Syndrome Workup

  • Author: Bradon J Wilhelmi, MD; Chief Editor: James Neal Long, MD, FACS   more...
 
Updated: Feb 1, 2012
 

Laboratory Studies

  • Examination of lymph nodes and a complete blood cell count should assist with evaluation for associated leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Imaging Studies

  • Determining chest wall abnormalities and the presence of the latissimus muscle may require evaluation with CT scan.[4]
  • A chest radiograph may be indicated to determine rib abnormalities or the presence of diaphragmatic hernia.
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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Bradon J Wilhelmi, MD  Professor and Endowed Leonard J Weiner, MD, Chair of Plastic Surgery, Residency Program Director, University of Louisville School of Medicine

Bradon J Wilhelmi, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association for Hand Surgery, American Association of Clinical Anatomists, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Association for Surgical Education, Plastic Surgery Research Council, and Wound Healing Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Paige Bryant Cornette, MD  Staff Physician, Department of Plastic Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Michael Neumeister, MD, FRCSC, FRCSC, FACS  Chairman, Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Director of Hand/Microsurgery Fellowship Program, Chief of Microsurgery and Research, Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine

Michael Neumeister, MD, FRCSC, FRCSC, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Hand Surgery, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Association of Academic Chairmen of Plastic Surgery, Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons, Illinois State Medical Society, Illinois State Medical Society, Ontario Medical Association, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and Society of University Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Pankaj Tiwari, MD  Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Ohio State University College of Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Saleh M Shenaq, MD†  Former Director and Founder, The International Brachial Plexus Institute; Former Chief, Section of Plastic Surgery, Methodist Hospital, Houston

Saleh M Shenaq, MD† is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Hand Surgery, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Surgeons, American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, American Medical Association, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Gene Therapy, American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Trauma Society, Association for Academic Surgery, International College of Surgeons, Lipoplasty Society of North America, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Society for Neuroscience, Society of Surgical Oncology, Southern Medical Association, Texas Medical Association, and Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD  Director, Colorado Plastic Surgery Center

Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Colorado Medical Society

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

James Neal Long, MD, FACS  Associate Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Children's Hospital and Kirklin Clinics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine; Chief of Plastic, Reconstructive, Hand, and Microsurgery, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center

James Neal Long, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Sigma Xi, Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, and Southeastern Surgical Congress

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

  1. Cochran JH Jr, Pauly TJ, Edstrom LE, Dibbell DG. Hypoplasia of the latissimus dorsi muscle complicating breast reconstruction in Poland's syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. May 1981;6(5):402-4. [Medline].

  2. Longaker MT, Glat PM, Colen LB, Siebert JW. Reconstruction of breast asymmetry in Poland's chest-wall deformity using microvascular free flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. Feb 1997;99(2):429-36. [Medline].

  3. Seyfer AE, Fox JP, Hamilton CG. Poland syndrome: evaluation and treatment of the chest wall in 63 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. Sep 2010;126(3):902-11. [Medline].

  4. Bainbridge LC, Wright AR, Kanthan R. Computed tomography in the preoperative assessment of Poland's syndrome. Br J Plast Surg. Nov-Dec 1991;44(8):604-7. [Medline].

  5. Moir CR, Johnson CH. Poland's syndrome. Semin Pediatr Surg. Aug 2008;17(3):161-6. [Medline].

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  7. Hester TR Jr, Bostwick J 3rd. Poland's syndrome: correction with latissimus muscle transposition. Plast Reconstr Surg. Feb 1982;69(2):226-33. [Medline].

  8. Moelleken BR, Mathes SA, Chang N. Latissimus dorsi muscle-musculocutaneous flap in chest-wall reconstruction. Surg Clin North Am. Oct 1989;69(5):977-90. [Medline].

  9. Gatti JE. Poland's deformity reconstructions with a customized, extrasoft silicone prosthesis. Ann Plast Surg. Aug 1997;39(2):122-30. [Medline].

  10. Hochberg J, Ardenghy M, Graeber GM, Murray GF. Complex reconstruction of the chest wall and breast utilizing a customized silicone implant. Ann Plast Surg. May 1994;32(5):524-8. [Medline].

  11. Marks MW, Iacobucci J. Reconstruction of congenital chest wall deformities using solid silicone onlay prostheses. Chest Surg Clin N Am. May 2000;10(2):341-55, vii. [Medline].

  12. Seifarth FG, Cruz Pico CX, Stromberg J, Recinos VM, Burdjalov VF, Karakas SP. Poland syndrome with extracorporeal intercostal liver herniation and thoracic myelomeningocele. J Pediatr Surg. Jan 2012;47(1):e13-7. [Medline].

  13. Mojallal A, La Marca S, Shipkov C, Sinna R, Braye F. Poland syndrome and breast tumor: a case report and review of the literature. Aesthet Surg J. Jan 1 2012;32(1):77-83. [Medline].

  14. Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Du J, Zhang S, Liu X. Poland syndrome associated with ipsilateral lipoma and dextrocardia. Ann Thorac Surg. Dec 2011;92(6):2250-2. [Medline].

  15. Barnett GR, Gianoutsos MP. The latissimus dorsi added fat flap for natural tissue breast reconstruction: report of 15 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. Jan 1996;97(1):63-70. [Medline].

  16. Beer GM. The clinical findings of a missing latissimus dorsi muscle in Poland's syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg. Mar 1997;99(3):926-7. [Medline].

  17. Bostwick J. Plastic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery. Vol 1. St Louis: Quality Medical Publishing Inc; 1990.

  18. Fodor PB. Latissimus dorsi flap in Poland's syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. Sep 1981;7(3):258. [Medline].

  19. Hodgkinson DJ. Re: Poland's deformity reconstruction with a customized extrasoft silicone prosthesis. Ann Plast Surg. Feb 1998;40(2):194-5. [Medline].

  20. Kelly EJ, O'Sullivan ST, Kay SP. Microneurovascular transfer of contralateral latissimus dorsi in Poland's syndrome. Br J Plast Surg. Sep 1999;52(6):503-4. [Medline].

  21. Marks MW, Argenta LC, Izenberg PH, Mes LG. Management of the chest-wall deformity in male patients with Poland's syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1991;87(4):674-8; discussion 679-81. [Medline].

  22. McDowell F. On the propagation, perpetuation, and parroting of erroneous eponyms such as "Poland's Syndrome". Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1977;59(4):561-3. [Medline].

  23. Santi P, Berrino P, Galli A. Poland's syndrome: correction of thoracic anomaly through minimal incisions. Plast Reconstr Surg. Oct 1985;76(4):639-41. [Medline].

  24. Santi P, Berrino P, Galli A, et al. Anterior transposition of the latissimus dorsi muscle through minimal incisions. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1986;20(1):89-92. [Medline].

  25. Schultz RC, Dolezal RF, Nolan J. Further applications of Archimedes' principle in the correction of asymmetrical breasts. Ann Plast Surg. Feb 1986;16(2):98-101. [Medline].

  26. Seyfer AE. Chest wall reconstruction. In: Plastic Surgery: Indications, Operations, and Outcomes. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 2000:chap 36.

  27. Shaw WW, Aston SJU, Zide BM. Reconstruction of the trunk. In: Plastic Surgery. Vol 6. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1990:chap 76.

  28. Spear SL, Hoffman S. Relocation of the displaced nipple-areola by reciprocal skin grafts. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1998;101(5):1355-8. [Medline].

  29. Spear SL, Romm S, Hakki A, Little JW 3rd. Costal cartilage sculpturing as an adjunct to augmentation mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. Jun 1987;79(6):921-6. [Medline].

  30. Stewart CA, Hung GL, Glaser AM, Himel HN. Infected breast reconstruction associated with Poland's syndrome. Clin Nucl Med. Jan 1990;15(1):43-5. [Medline].

  31. Urschel HC Jr, Byrd HS, Sethi SM, Razzuk MA. Poland's syndrome: improved surgical management. Ann Thorac Surg. Mar 1984;37(3):204-11. [Medline].

  32. Versaci AD, Balkovich ME, Goldstein SA. Breast reconstruction by tissue expansion for congenital and burn deformities. Ann Plast Surg. Jan 1986;16(1):20-31. [Medline].

 
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