eMedicine Specialties > Plastic Surgery > Breast

Breast Reduction, Amputation: Multimedia

Author: Curtis S F Wong, MD, Clinical Instructor, Department of Family Practice, Division of Surgery, Mercy Medical Center
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Oct 15, 2009

Multimedia

Preoperative status of breasts with lateral nippl...Media file 1: Preoperative status of breasts with lateral nipple displacement. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Preoperative status of breasts with lateral nippl...

Preoperative status of breasts with lateral nipple displacement. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Preoperative status of breasts, oblique view. Ima...Media file 2: Preoperative status of breasts, oblique view. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Preoperative status of breasts, oblique view. Ima...

Preoperative status of breasts, oblique view. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Marking breast meridians - medial to laterally di...Media file 3: Marking breast meridians - medial to laterally displaced nipples. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Marking breast meridians - medial to laterally di...

Marking breast meridians - medial to laterally displaced nipples. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Obstetric caliper used to measure distance from c...Media file 4: Obstetric caliper used to measure distance from clavicle to inframammary fold. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Obstetric caliper used to measure distance from c...

Obstetric caliper used to measure distance from clavicle to inframammary fold. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Transposing caliper-measured distance to front of...Media file 5: Transposing caliper-measured distance to front of breast along meridian. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Transposing caliper-measured distance to front of...

Transposing caliper-measured distance to front of breast along meridian. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Positioning nipple 1-2 cm below caliper-measured ...Media file 6: Positioning nipple 1-2 cm below caliper-measured distance to compensate for recoil uplift after amputation of tissues. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Positioning nipple 1-2 cm below caliper-measured ...

Positioning nipple 1-2 cm below caliper-measured distance to compensate for recoil uplift after amputation of tissues. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Opened keyhole pattern centered around new nipple...Media file 7: Opened keyhole pattern centered around new nipple position. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Opened keyhole pattern centered around new nipple...

Opened keyhole pattern centered around new nipple position. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Intermammary webbing in extremely large breasts. ...Media file 8: Intermammary webbing in extremely large breasts. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Intermammary webbing in extremely large breasts. ...

Intermammary webbing in extremely large breasts. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Patterns marked. Image used with permission from ...Media file 9: Patterns marked. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Patterns marked. Image used with permission from ...

Patterns marked. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Pattern marking completed with lateral/medial ext...Media file 10: Pattern marking completed with lateral/medial extensions. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Pattern marking completed with lateral/medial ext...

Pattern marking completed with lateral/medial extensions. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Appearance of patterns when supine. Image used wi...Media file 11: Appearance of patterns when supine. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Appearance of patterns when supine. Image used wi...

Appearance of patterns when supine. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Inferior pyramid of tissue to be de-epithelialize...Media file 12: Inferior pyramid of tissue to be de-epithelialized for improving nipple projection. Image courtesy of Curtis Wong, MD.
Inferior pyramid of tissue to be de-epithelialize...

Inferior pyramid of tissue to be de-epithelialized for improving nipple projection. Image courtesy of Curtis Wong, MD.

Removal of nipple and deepithelialization of graf...Media file 13: Removal of nipple and deepithelialization of graft site (ie, new nipple site). Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Removal of nipple and deepithelialization of graf...

Removal of nipple and deepithelialization of graft site (ie, new nipple site). Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Through the inframammary incision, the breast tis...Media file 14: Through the inframammary incision, the breast tissue is dissected off the pectoralis muscle up to the medical and lateral extensions of planned upper incisions. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Through the inframammary incision, the breast tis...

Through the inframammary incision, the breast tissue is dissected off the pectoralis muscle up to the medical and lateral extensions of planned upper incisions. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Resection by "staircasing" the breast tissue or b...Media file 15: Resection by "staircasing" the breast tissue or beveling away from the skin edges preserves breast tissue that may help with improving nipple projections. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Resection by "staircasing" the breast tissue or b...

Resection by "staircasing" the breast tissue or beveling away from the skin edges preserves breast tissue that may help with improving nipple projections. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Direct closure results in dog ears in the graft b...Media file 16: Direct closure results in dog ears in the graft bed and at the ends of the incisions; circular excisions of dog ears with purse-string closure dramatically reduces or eliminates dog ear. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Direct closure results in dog ears in the graft b...

Direct closure results in dog ears in the graft bed and at the ends of the incisions; circular excisions of dog ears with purse-string closure dramatically reduces or eliminates dog ear. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Plication of graft bed with fine chromic sutures ...Media file 17: Plication of graft bed with fine chromic sutures to flatten graft site prior to grafting. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Plication of graft bed with fine chromic sutures ...

Plication of graft bed with fine chromic sutures to flatten graft site prior to grafting. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Appearance after bolster secured with method of s...Media file 18: Appearance after bolster secured with method of surgeons choice. Leave it on for 10-14 days to maximize take of nipple. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Appearance after bolster secured with method of s...

Appearance after bolster secured with method of surgeons choice. Leave it on for 10-14 days to maximize take of nipple. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...Media file 19: Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...Media file 20: Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...Media file 21: Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...Media file 22: Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...Media file 23: Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...Media file 24: Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...Media file 25: Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...Media file 26: Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.
Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display manag...

Images 19-26: Sequence of photos to display management of medial webbing in extremely large breasts if incisions need to be carried across midline. Image used with permission from McKissock, Paul K. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Publishers. 1991:47-78.

Preoperative photograph of the breasts of patient...Media file 27: Preoperative photograph of the breasts of patient A. Image courtesy of Curtis Wong, MD.
Preoperative photograph of the breasts of patient...

Preoperative photograph of the breasts of patient A. Image courtesy of Curtis Wong, MD.

Postoperative photograph of the breasts of patien...Media file 28: Postoperative photograph of the breasts of patient A. Image courtesy of Curtis Wong, MD.
Postoperative photograph of the breasts of patien...

Postoperative photograph of the breasts of patient A. Image courtesy of Curtis Wong, MD.

Preoperative photograph of the breasts of patient...Media file 29: Preoperative photograph of the breasts of patient B. Image courtesy of Curtis Wong, MD.
Preoperative photograph of the breasts of patient...

Preoperative photograph of the breasts of patient B. Image courtesy of Curtis Wong, MD.

Postoperative photograph of the breasts of patien...Media file 30: Postoperative photograph of the breasts of patient B. Image courtesy of Curtis Wong, MD.
Postoperative photograph of the breasts of patien...

Postoperative photograph of the breasts of patient B. Image courtesy of Curtis Wong, MD.

More on Breast Reduction, Amputation

Overview: Breast Reduction, Amputation
Workup: Breast Reduction, Amputation
Treatment: Breast Reduction, Amputation
Follow-up: Breast Reduction, Amputation
Multimedia: Breast Reduction, Amputation
References

References

  1. McKissock P. Color Atlas of Mammaplasty. Thieme Medical Publishers;1991:47-78.

  2. Hawtof DB, Levine M, Kapetansky DI, Pieper D. Complications of reduction mammaplasty: comparison of nipple-areolar graft and pedicle. Ann Plast Surg. Jul 1989;23(1):3-10. [Medline].

  3. American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Female Breast Hypertrophy/Breast Reduction. 1993.

  4. Robbins TH. Reduction mammaplasty by the Robbins technique. Plast Reconstr Surg. Feb 1987;79(2):308-9. [Medline].

  5. Jackson IT, Bayramicli M, Gupta M, Yavuzer R. Importance of the pedicle length measurement in reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. Aug 1999;104(2):398-400. [Medline].

  6. Koger KE, Sunde D, Press BH. Reduction mammaplasty for gigantomastia using inferiorly based pedicle and free nipple transplantation. Ann Plast Surg. Nov 1994;33(5):561-4. [Medline].

  7. Abramson DL. Increasing projection in patients undergoing free nipple graft reduction mammoplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. Jul-Aug 1999;23(4):282-4. [Medline].

  8. Fredricks S. Re: Reduction mammaplasty for gigantomastia using inferiorly based pedicle and free nipple transplantation. Ann Plast Surg. May 1995;34(5):559. [Medline].

  9. Matarasso A, Wallach SG, Rankin M. Reevaluating the need for routine drainage in reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. Nov 1998;102(6):1917-21. [Medline].

  10. Bostwick J. Plastic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery. 2nd ed. Quality Medical Publishing; 2000.

  11. Casas LA, Byun MY, Depoli PA, Gradinger GP. Maximizing breast projection after free-nipple-graft reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1 2001;107(4):961-4. [Medline].

  12. Farina R, Villano JB. Reduction mammaplasty with free grafting of the nipple and areola. Br J Plast Surg. Oct 1972;25(4):393-8. [Medline].

  13. Letterman G, Schurter M. A comparison of modern methods of reduction mammaplasty. South Med J. Oct 1976;69(10):1367-71. [Medline].

  14. Netscher D. Mammography and Reduction Mammaplasty. Aesthetic Surg J. 1999;19(6):445.

  15. Schnur PL, Hoehn JG, Ilstrup DM, et al. Reduction mammaplasty: cosmetic or reconstructive procedure?. Ann Plast Surg. Sep 1991;27(3):232-7. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

breast reduction, breast amputation, reduction mammaplasty, nipple graft mammaplasty, amputation mammaplasty, free nipple graft, free nipple transplantation, mammogram, breast flaps, WISE pattern excisions

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Curtis S F Wong, MD, Clinical Instructor, Department of Family Practice, Division of Surgery, Mercy Medical Center
Curtis S F Wong, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and California Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Pankaj Tiwari, MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Ohio State University
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

CME Editor

Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD, Director, Colorado Plastic Surgery Center
Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Colorado Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

James Neal Long, MD, Assistant Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Kirklin Clinics
James Neal Long, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Sigma Xi, Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, and Southeastern Surgical Congress
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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