Breast Reduction, Inferior Pedicle: Multimedia

References

1. Blomqvist L, Eriksson A, Brandberg Y. Reduction mammaplasty provides long-term improvement in health status and quality of life. Plast Reconstr Surg. Oct 2000;106(5):991-7. [Medline].

2. Courtiss EH, Goldwyn RM. Reduction mammaplasty by the inferior pedicle technique. An alternative to free nipple and areola grafting for severe macromastia or extreme ptosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1977;59(4):500-7. [Medline].

3. Brown MH, Weinberg M, Chong N, et al. A cohort study of breast cancer risk in breast reduction patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. May 1999;103(6):1674-81. [Medline].

4. Hidalgo DA, Elliot LF, Palumbo S, et al. Current trends in breast reduction. Plast Reconstr Surg. Sep 1999;104(3):806-15; quiz 816; discussion 817-8. [Medline].

5. Bostwick J. Breast reduction. In: Bostwick J, ed. Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery. St. Louis, Mo: CV Mosby; 1983.

6. Downey SE. Plastic surgery for common breast problems. In: Hindle WH, ed. Breast Care: A Clinical Guidebook for Women's Primary Health Care Providers. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1999.

7. Goldwyn RM. Reduction mammoplasty in the unfavorable result. In: Goldwyn R, Cohen M, eds. Plastic Surgery Avoidance and Treatment. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2001.

8. Hoffman S. Inferior pedicle technique. In: Spear S, ed. Breast Reduction in Surgery of the Breast: Principles and Art. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven; 1998.

9. Ribeiro L. A new technique for reduction mammaplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. Mar 1975;55(3):330-4. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

breast reduction, reduction mammoplasty, inferior pedicle, heavy breasts, large breasts, nipple-areolar complex, NAC, nipple scar tissue, keloids, inframammary fold, IMF

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Susan E Downey, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Southern California
Susan E Downey, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Medical Women's Association, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, and American Society of Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: Ethicon, Inc. Honoraria Consulting

Medical Editor

Pankaj Tiwari, MD, Assistant Professor, Division of Plastic Surgery, Ohio State University
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Saleh M Shenaq, MD†, Former Director and Founder, The International Brachial Plexus Institute; Former Chief, Section of Plastic Surgery, Methodist Hospital, Houston
Saleh M Shenaq, MD† is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Hand Surgery, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Surgeons, American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, American Medical Association, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Gene Therapy, American Society of Law Medicine and Ethics, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Trauma Society, Association for Academic Surgery, International College of Surgeons, Lipoplasty Society of North America, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Society for Neuroscience, Society of Surgical Oncology, Southern Medical Association, Texas Medical Association, and Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD, Practice Director, Colorado Plastic Surgery Center at Swedish Medical Center
Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Colorado Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Frederick J Menick, MD, Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine; Private Practice in Tucson, Arizona
Frederick J Menick, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: none None None