Breast Cancer: Multimedia

References

1. Fisher B, Bauer M, Margolese R, et al. Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with or without radiation in the treatment of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. Mar 14 1985;312(11):665-73. [Medline].

2. Hortobagyi GN, de la Garza Salazar J, Pritchard K, et al. The global breast cancer burden: variations in epidemiology and survival. Clin Breast Cancer. Dec 2005;6(5):391-401. [Medline].

3. American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2007-2008. Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society, Inc.; [Full Text].

4. Colditz GA, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, et al. The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. Jun 15 1995;332(24):1589-93. [Medline].

5. Bear HD, Anderson S, Brown A, et al. The effect on tumor response of adding sequential preoperative docetaxel to preoperative doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide: preliminary results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol. Nov 15 2003;21(22):4165-74. [Medline].

6. Kriege M, Brekelmans CT, Boetes C, et al. Efficacy of MRI and mammography for breast-cancer screening in women with a familial or genetic predisposition. N Engl J Med. Jul 29 2004;351(5):427-37. [Medline].

7. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-1 Study. J Natl Cancer Inst. Sep 16 1998;90(18):1371-88. [Medline].

8. National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP). Study of tamoxifen and raloxifene (STAR). NSABP Web site. Available at http://www.nsabp.pitt.edu/STAR/Index.asp. Accessed April 9, 2009.

9. Vogel VG, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et al. Effects of tamoxifen vs raloxifene on the risk of developing invasive breast cancer and other disease outcomes: the NSABP Study of Tamoxifen and Raloxifene (STAR) P-2 trial. JAMA. Jun 21 2006;295(23):2727-41. [Medline].

10. Romond EH, Perez EA, Bryant J, et al. Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for operable HER2-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. Oct 20 2005;353(16):1673-84. [Medline].

11. Ravdin PM, Davis G. Adjuvant! Online Version 8.0. www.adjuvantonline.com. 2005;[Full Text].

12. Lagios MD, Margolin FR, Westdahl PR, Rose MR. Mammographically detected duct carcinoma in situ. Frequency of local recurrence following tylectomy and prognostic effect of nuclear grade on local recurrence. Cancer. Feb 15 1989;63(4):618-24. [Medline].

13. Silverstein MJ, Poller DN, Waisman JR, et al. Prognostic classification of breast ductal carcinoma-in-situ. Lancet. May 6 1995;345(8958):1154-7. [Medline].

14. Silverstein MJ, Lagios MD, Craig PH, et al. A prognostic index for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Cancer. Jun 1 1996;77(11):2267-74. [Medline].

15. Fisher ER, Dignam J, Tan-Chiu E, et al. Pathologic findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (NSABP) eight-year update of Protocol B-17: intraductal carcinoma. Cancer. Aug 1 1999;86(3):429-38. [Medline].

16. Haagensen CD, Lane N, Lattes R, Bodian C. Lobular neoplasia (so-called lobular carcinoma in situ) of the breast. Cancer. Aug 1978;42(2):737-69. [Medline].

17. Veronesi U, Saccozzi R, Del Vecchio M, et al. Comparing radical mastectomy with quadrantectomy, axillary dissection, and radiotherapy in patients with small cancers of the breast. N Engl J Med. Jul 2 1981;305(1):6-11. [Medline].

18. Krag D, Weaver D, Ashikaga T, et al. The sentinel node in breast cancer--a multicenter validation study. N Engl J Med. Oct 1 1998;339(14):941-6. [Medline].

19. Giuliano AE, Haigh PI, Brennan MB, et al. Prospective observational study of sentinel lymphadenectomy without further axillary dissection in patients with sentinel node-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. Jul 2000;18(13):2553-9. [Medline].

20. Cox CE, Bass SS, Boulware D, et al. Implementation of new surgical technology: outcome measures for lymphatic mapping of breast carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. Sep 1999;6(6):553-61. [Medline].

21. Cox CE, Nguyen K, Gray RJ, et al. Importance of lymphatic mapping in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS): why map DCIS?. Am Surg. Jun 2001;67(6):513-9; discussion 519-21. [Medline].

22. Nabholtz JM, Slamon D. New adjuvant strategies for breast cancer: meeting the challenge of integrating chemotherapy and trastuzumab (Herceptin). Semin Oncol. Feb 2001;28(1 Suppl 3):1-12. [Medline].

23. National Cancer Institute. Personalized Treatment Trial for Breast Cancer Launched. www.cancer.gov. Available at www.cancer.gov/newscenter/pressreleases/TAILORxRelease. Accessed June 3, 2009.

24. American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2006. American Cancer Society. 2006.

25. Colditz, GA. Recent Advances and Future Directions in Endocrine Manipulation of Breast Cancer. Clinical Cancer Research. 2005;11:909s-917s.

26. Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Breast cancer and hormone replacement therapy: collaborative reanalysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies of 52,705 women with breast cancer and 108,411 women without breast cancer. Lancet. Oct 11 1997;350(9084):1047-59. [Medline].

27. Cote RJ, Peterson HF, Chaiwun B, et al. Role of immunohistochemical detection of lymph-node metastases in management of breast cancer. International Breast Cancer Study Group. Lancet. Sep 11 1999;354(9182):896-900. [Medline].

28. Daling JR, Malone KE, Doody DR, et al. Relation of regimens of combined hormone replacement therapy to lobular, ductal, and other histologic types of breast carcinoma. Cancer. Dec 15 2002;95(12):2455-64. [Medline].

29. Davidson NE, Morrow M, Kopans DB, Koerner FC. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 35-2005. A 56-year-old woman with breast cancer and isolated tumor cells in a sentinel lymph node. N Engl J Med. Nov 17 2005;353(20):2177-85. [Medline].

30. Easton DF, Ford D, Bishop DT. Breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA1-mutation carriers. Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium. Am J Hum Genet. Jan 1995;56(1):265-71. [Medline].

31. Fisher B, Bryant J, Wolmark N, et al. Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. Aug 1998;16(8):2672-85. [Medline].

32. Fisher B, Costantino J. Highlights of the NSABP Breast Cancer Prevention Trial. Cancer Control. Jan 1997;4(1):78-86. [Medline].

33. Fisher B, Dignam J, Tan-Chiu E, et al. Prognosis and treatment of patients with breast tumors of one centimeter or less and negative axillary lymph nodes. J Natl Cancer Inst. Jan 17 2001;93(2):112-20. [Medline].

34. Fisher B, Redmond C, Fisher ER, et al. Ten-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing radical mastectomy and total mastectomy with or without radiation. N Engl J Med. Mar 14 1985;312(11):674-81. [Medline].

35. Gail MH, Costantino JP, Bryant J, et al. Weighing the risks and benefits of tamoxifen treatment for preventing breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. Nov 3 1999;91(21):1829-46. [Medline].

36. Gann PH, Colilla SA, Gapstur SM, et al. Factors associated with axillary lymph node metastasis from breast carcinoma: descriptive and predictive analyses. Cancer. Oct 15 1999;86(8):1511-9. [Medline].

37. Greenlee RT, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingo PA. Cancer statistics, 2000. CA Cancer J Clin. Jan-Feb 2000;50(1):7-33. [Medline].

38. Haffty BG, Harrold E, Khan AJ, et al. Outcome of conservatively managed early-onset breast cancer by BRCA1/2 status. Lancet. Apr 27 2002;359(9316):1471-7. [Medline].

39. Harris JR, Lippman ME, Veronesi U, Willett W. Breast cancer (1). N Engl J Med. Jul 30 1992;327(5):319-28. [Medline].

40. Harris JR, Lippman ME, Veronesi U, Willett W. Breast cancer (2). N Engl J Med. Aug 6 1992;327(6):390-8. [Medline].

41. Harris JR, Lippman ME, Veronesi U, Willett W. Breast cancer (3). N Engl J Med. Aug 13 1992;327(7):473-80. [Medline].

42. Kopans DB, Meyer JE, Sadowsky N. Breast imaging. N Engl J Med. Apr 12 1984;310(15):960-7. [Medline].

43. Kuerer HM, Hunt KK, Newman LA, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with invasive breast carcinoma: conceptual basis and fundamental surgical issues. J Am Coll Surg. Mar 2000;190(3):350-63. [Medline].

44. Kuerer HM, Newman LA, Smith TL, et al. Clinical course of breast cancer patients with complete pathologic primary tumor and axillary lymph node response to doxorubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. Feb 1999;17(2):460-9. [Medline].

45. Lee CH, Egglin TK, Philpotts L, et al. Cost-effectiveness of stereotactic core needle biopsy: analysis by means of mammographic findings. Radiology. Mar 1997;202(3):849-54. [Medline].

46. Li CI, Malone KE, Porter PL, et al. Relationship between long durations and different regimens of hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer. JAMA. Jun 25 2003;289(24):3254-63. [Medline].

47. Lippman ME, Krueger KA, Eckert S, et al. Indicators of lifetime estrogen exposure: effect on breast cancer incidence and interaction with raloxifene therapy in the multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation study participants. J Clin Oncol. Jun 15 2001;19(12):3111-6. [Medline].

48. Madigan MP, Ziegler RG, Benichou J, et al. Proportion of breast cancer cases in the United States explained by well-established risk factors. J Natl Cancer Inst. Nov 15 1995;87(22):1681-5. [Medline].

49. Mamounas EP. NSABP Protocol B-27. Preoperative doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide followed by preoperative or postoperative docetaxel. Oncology (Williston Park). Jun 1997;11(6 Suppl 6):37-40. [Medline].

50. Mamounas EP, Brown A, Anderson S, et al. Sentinel node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27. J Clin Oncol. Apr 20 2005;23(12):2694-702. [Medline].

51. Margolese R, Poisson R, Shibata H, et al. The technique of segmental mastectomy (lumpectomy) and axillary dissection: A syllabus from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project workshops. Surgery. Nov 1987;102(5):828-34. [Medline].

52. Martin AM, Weber BL. Genetic and hormonal risk factors in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. Jul 19 2000;92(14):1126-35. [Medline].

53. Mauri D, Pavlidis N, Ioannidis JP. Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant systemic treatment in breast cancer: a meta-analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst. Feb 2 2005;97(3):188-94. [Medline].

54. McMasters KM, Tuttle TM, Carlson DJ, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer: a suitable alternative to routine axillary dissection in multi-institutional practice when optimal technique is used. J Clin Oncol. Jul 2000;18(13):2560-6. [Medline].

55. Morrow M, Harris J. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ and Microinvasive Carcinoma. Diseases of the Breast, 3rd ed. 2004;521-537.

56. Morrow M, Schnitt SJ. Treatment selection in ductal carcinoma in situ. JAMA. Jan 26 2000;283(4):453-5. [Medline].

57. O'Shaughnessy J. Extending survival with chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer. Oncologist. 2005;10 Suppl 3:20-9. [Medline].

58. Paik S, Shak S, Tang G, et al. A multigene assay to predict recurrence of tamoxifen-treated, node-negative breast cancer. N Engl J Med. Dec 30 2004;351(27):2817-26. [Medline].

59. Pierce L. Radiotherapy for breast cancer in BRCA1/BRCA2 carriers: clinical issues and management dilemmas. Semin Radiat Oncol. Oct 2002;12(4):352-61. [Medline].

60. Singletary SE, Allred C, Ashley P, et al. Revision of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. Sep 1 2002;20(17):3628-36. [Medline].

61. Slamon DJ, Leyland-Jones B, Shak S, et al. Use of chemotherapy plus a monoclonal antibody against HER2 for metastatic breast cancer that overexpresses HER2. N Engl J Med. Mar 15 2001;344(11):783-92. [Medline].

62. Smart CR, Byrne C, Smith RA, et al. Twenty-year follow-up of the breast cancers diagnosed during the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project. CA Cancer J Clin. May-Jun 1997;47(3):134-49. [Medline].

63. Tormey SM, Malone CM, McDermott EW. Current status of combined hormone replacement therapy in clinical practice. Clinical Breast Cancer. 2006;Feb (6 Suppl 2):S51-7. [Medline].

64. Van Zee KJ, Manasseh DM, Bevilacqua JL, et al. A nomogram for predicting the likelihood of additional nodal metastases in breast cancer patients with a positive sentinel node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol. Dec 2003;10(10):1140-51. [Medline].

65. Veronesi U. Conservative treatment of breast cancer: a trial in progress at the Cancer Institute of Milan. World J Surg. May 1977;1(3):324-6. [Medline].

66. Veronesi U, Zucali R, Del Vecchio M. Conservative treatment of breast cancer with QU.A.R.T. Technique. World J Surg. Oct 1985;9(5):676-81. [Medline].

67. Warmuth MA, Sutton LM, Winer EP. A review of hereditary breast cancer: from screening to risk factor modification. Am J Med. Apr 1997;102(4):407-15. [Medline].

68. Winchester DP, Jeske JM, Goldschmidt RA. The diagnosis and management of ductal carcinoma in-situ of the breast. CA Cancer J Clin. May-Jun 2000;50(3):184-200. [Medline].

69. Wingo PA, Ries LA, Rosenberg HM, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality, 1973-1995: a report card for the U.S. Cancer. Mar 15 1998;82(6):1197-207. [Medline].

70. Wolmark N, Wang J, Mamounas E, et al. Preoperative chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer: nine-year results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2001;96-102. [Medline].

71. Wood WC, Skandalakis JE. Anatomic Basis of Tumor Surgery. 1st ed. Quality Medical Publishing;1999.

Further Reading

Keywords

breast cancer, mastectomy, radical mastectomy, lumpectomy, radiation therapy, XRT, breast cancer treatment, breast cancer causes, breast cancer symptoms, chemotherapy, benign lesions, malignant lesions, epithelial tumors, intraductal papilloma, adenoma, intraductal carcinoma, invasive carcinoma, Paget disease of the nipple

invasive ductal carcinoma, phyllodes tumor, carcinosarcoma, ductal carcinoma in situ, DCIS, lobular carcinoma in situ, LCIS, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Muir-Torre syndrome, Cowden disease, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, mutation, mutation, adenocarcinoma, tubular carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, colloid carcinoma, mucin, medullary carcinoma, mammography, inflammatory breast cancer

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Mary Jo Wright, MD, Associate Professor of Surgery, Chief of Breast Surgery Service, Tulane University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Breast Cancer Center, Medical Center of Louisiana, New Orleans
Mary Jo Wright, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, American College of Surgeons, American College of Surgeons, American Society of Breast Disease, American Society of Breast Surgeons, Association for Academic Surgery, Association for Surgical Education, Association of Women Surgeons, Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, Orleans Parish Medical Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Society of Surgical Oncology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Krzysztof Moroz, MD, Professor of Pathology, Director of Cytopathology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center
Krzysztof Moroz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Clinical Pathology, American Society of Cytopathology, College of American Pathologists, and United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

R Edward Newsome, MD, Program Director and Chief of Plastic Surgery, Henderson Chair in Surgery, Assistant Dean for Graduate Medical Education, Tulane University School of Medicine
R Edward Newsome, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Louisiana State Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Christian Paletta, MD, FACS, Professor, Division Chief and Program Director, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St Louis University School of Medicine
Christian Paletta, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, and Missouri State Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Saleh M Shenaq, MD†, Former Director and Founder, The International Brachial Plexus Institute; Former Chief, Section of Plastic Surgery, Methodist Hospital, Houston
Saleh M Shenaq, MD† is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Association for Hand Surgery, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Surgeons, American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, American Medical Association, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Gene Therapy, American Society of Law Medicine and Ethics, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Trauma Society, Association for Academic Surgery, International College of Surgeons, Lipoplasty Society of North America, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Society for Neuroscience, Society of Surgical Oncology, Southern Medical Association, Texas Medical Association, and Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD, Director, Colorado Plastic Surgery Center
Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Colorado Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

James Neal Long, MD, Assistant Professor of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Kirklin Clinics
James Neal Long, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Sigma Xi, Southeastern Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons, and Southeastern Surgical Congress
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.