Empyema and Bronchopleural Fistula: Multimedia

References

1. Chapman SJ, Danes JOD. The Management of Pleural Space Infections. Respirology. 2004;9:4-11.

2. Choong CK, Sweet SC, Zoole JB. Bronchial airway anastomotic complications after pediatric lung transplantation: incidence, cause, management, and outcome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Jan 2006;131(1):198-203. [Medline].

3. Cicero R, del Vecchyo C, Porter JK, Carreno J. Open window thoracostomy and plastic surgery with muscle flaps in the treatment of chronic empyema. Chest. Mar 1986;89(3):374-7. [Medline].

4. Garcia-Yuste M, Ramos G, Duque JL, et al. Open-window thoracostomy and thoracomyoplasty to manage chronic pleural empyema. Ann Thorac Surg. Mar 1998;65(3):818-22. [Medline].

5. Lois N, Noppen M. Bronchopleural fistulas: an overview of the problem with special focus on endoscopic management. Chest. 2005;128(6):3955-65. [Medline].

6. Miller JI. Infections of the pleura. In: General Thoracic Surgery. 3^rd ed. 1989:633-49.

7. Noszczyk BH. The origins of the concept of muscle flaps. Br J Plast Surg. Mar 1996;49(2):107-10. [Medline].

8. O'Connor J, Kells, A, Henry S. Vacuum-assisted closure for the treatment of complex chest wounds. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79(4):1196-200. [Medline].

9. Perkins DJ, Lee KK, Pennington DG, Stern HS. Free flaps in the management of intrathoracic sepsis. Br J Plast Surg. Dec 1995;48(8):546-50. [Medline].

10. Shaw WW, Aston SJ, Zide BM. Reconstruction of the Trunk. Plastic Surgery. 1990;6:3726-3729.

11. Shirakusa T, Ueda H, Takata S, et al. Use of pedicled omental flap in treatment of empyema. Ann Thorac Surg. Sep 1990;50(3):420-4. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

empyema, bronchopleural fistula, fistula, thoracic cavity, intrathoracic sepsis pleural infection

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Jeffrey J Rentz, MD, Fellow in Surgical Research, Wound Healing and Tissue Engineering Lab, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Jeffrey J Rentz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

William G Austen Jr, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Consulting Staff, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital
William G Austen Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Suresh Koneru, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Suresh Koneru, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Plastic Surgeons and Texas Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Dennis P Orgill, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School; Director, Burn Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Dennis P Orgill, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Burn Association, American Medical Association, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, Massachusetts Medical Society, and Plastic Surgery Research Council
Disclosure: Kinetic Concepts, Inc. Grant/research funds Principle Investigator; Kinetic Conepts, Inc.  Consulting fee Consulting; Marine Polymers  Grant/research funds Principle Investigator; Naval Blood Research Lab Grant/research funds Principle Investigator

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Jaime R Garza, MD, DDS, FACS, Consulting Staff, Private Practice
Jaime R Garza, MD, DDS, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, Texas Medical Association, and Texas Society of Plastic Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD, Practice Director, Colorado Plastic Surgery Center at Swedish Medical Center
Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Colorado Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS, Professor of Surgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Residency Program Director, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Director, Center for Advanced Surgical Aesthetics
Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Association for Academic Surgery, and Medical Association of the State of Alabama
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.