Facelift, Skin Only: Workup

References

1. Hollander E. Cosmetic surgery. In: Joseph M, ed. Handbuch der Kosmetik. Leipzig: Verlag von Veit;1912.

2. Miller CC. The excision of bag-like folds of skin from the region about the eye. Med Brief. 1906;34:648.

3. Kolle FS. Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery. New York: Appleton; 1911.

4. Lexer E. Zur Geischtsplastik. Arch Klin Chir. 1910;92:749.

5. Skoog T. Plastic Surgery: New Methods. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1974.

6. Mitz V, Peyronie M. The superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) in the parotid and cheek area. Plast Reconstr Surg. Jul 1976;58(1):80-8. [Medline].

7. Manchot C. Die Hautarterien des Menschlichen Korpes. Leipzig: Vogel;1889.

8. Whetzel TP, Mathes SJ. Arterial anatomy of the face: an analysis of vascular territories and perforating cutaneous vessels. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1992;89(4):591-603; discussion 604-5. [Medline].

9. Hamra ST. Composite Rhytidectomy. Plas Reconstr Surg. 1992;90:1-13.

10. Pribitkin ED, Boger G. Herbal therapy: what every facial plastic surgeon must know. Arch Facial Plast Surg. Apr-Jun 2001;3(2):127-32. [Medline].

11. Zins JE, Moreira-Gonzalez A. Cosmetic Procedures for the Aging Face. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine. 2006;22:1-20.

12. Thorn C, Aston SJ. Aesthetic surgery of the aging face. In: Grabb and Smith's Plastic Surgery. 1997:633-49.

13. Friedland JA. The cutaneous rhytidectomy. In: Bernard RW, ed. Surgical Restoration of the Aging Face. 1996:127-43.

14. Connell BF, Miller SR, Gonzalez-Miramontes H. Skin and SMAS flaps for facial rejuvenation. In: Guyuron B, ed. Plastic Surgery: Indications, Operations, and Outcomes. Vol 5. 2000:2583-2607.

15. Barton, FE. Esthetic surgery of the face. Selected Readings in Plastic Surgery. 1997;8(19):1-43.

16. McKinney P, Katrana DJ. Prevention of injury to the great auricular nerve during rhytidectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. Nov 1980;66(5):675-9. [Medline].

17. Rees TD, Barone CM, Valauri FA. Hematomas requiring surgical evacuation following face lift surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg. May 1994;93(6):1185-90. [Medline].

18. Jones BM, Grover R. Avoiding hematoma in cervicofacial rhytidectomy: a personal 8-year quest. Reviewing 910 patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. Jan 2004;113(1):381-7; discussion 388-90. [Medline].

19. Kaufman T, Eichenlaub EH, Levin M, et al. Tobacco smoking: impairment of experimental flap survival. Ann Plast Surg. Dec 1984;13(6):468-72. [Medline].

20. Rees TD, Liverett DM, Guy CL. The effect of cigarette smoking on skin-flap survival in the face lift patient. Plast Reconstr Surg. Jun 1984;73(6):911-5. [Medline].

21. Webster RC, Kazda G, Hamdan US, et al. Cigarette smoking and face lift: conservative versus wide undermining. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1986;77(4):596-604. [Medline].

22. Nolan J, Jenkins RA, Kurihara K, Schultz RC. The acute effects of cigarette smoke exposure on experimental skin flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1985;75(4):544-51. [Medline].

23. Mosely LH, Finseth F. Cigarette smoking: impairment of digital blood flow and wound healing in the hand. Hand. Jun 1977;9(2):97-101. [Medline].

24. Riefkohl R, Wolfe JA, Cox EB, McCarty KS Jr. Association between cutaneous occlusive vascular disease, cigarette smoking, and skin slough after rhytidectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1986;77(4):592-5. [Medline].

25. Robbins LB, Brothers DB, Marshall DM. Anterior SMAS plication for the treatment of prominent nasomandibular folds and restoration of normal cheek contour. Plast Reconstr Surg. Nov 1995;96(6):1279-87; discussion 1288. [Medline].

26. Duffy MJ, Friedland JA. The superficial-plane rhytidectomy revisited. Plast Reconstr Surg. Jun 1994;93(7):1392-403; discussion 1404-5. [Medline].

27. Baker DC, Conley J. Avoiding facial nerve injuries in rhytidectomy. Anatomical variations and pitfalls. Plast Reconstr Surg. Dec 1979;64(6):781-95. [Medline].

28. Baker DC. Complications of cervicofacial rhytidectomy. Clin Plast Surg. Jul 1983;10(3):543-62. [Medline].

29. Gamble WB, Manson PN, Smith GE, Hamra ST. Comparison of skin-tissue tensions using the composite and the subcutaneous rhytidectomy techniques. Ann Plast Surg. Nov 1995;35(5):447-53; discussion 453-4. [Medline].

30. Tonnard P, Verpaele A, Monstrey S. Minimal access cranial suspension lift: a modified S-lift. Plast Reconstr Surg. May 2002;109(6):2074-86. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

rhytidectomy, skin-only facelift, face lift, subcutaneous facelift

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Jonathan L Kaplan, MD, MPH, Fellow in Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic
Jonathan L Kaplan, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Louisiana State Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Dean Fardo, MD, Associate Staff, Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Dean Fardo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Gregory A Buford, MD, FACS, Medical Director, Body by Buford
Gregory A Buford, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Medical Student Association/Foundation, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Colorado Medical Society
Disclosure: Dermik Aesthetics Honoraria Speaker/National Trainer; Allergan Honoraria Speaker/National Trainer; Medicis Honoraria Speaker/National Trainer; Sound Surgical Technologies Honoraria Speaker/National Trainer; Kinetic Concepts International Honoraria Speaker/National Trainer

Randall Yetman, MD, Head, Section of Plastic Surgery of the Breast, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

James E Zins, MD, Chairman, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation
James E Zins, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Association, American Medical Association, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, Ohio State Medical Association, and Sigma Xi
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

David W Furnas, MD, Clinical Professor Emeritus, Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California at Irvine
David W Furnas, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Cleft Palate/Craniofacial Association, American College of Surgeons, American Head and Neck Society, American Medical Association, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, American Society for Surgery of the Hand, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, American Society of Transplantation, California Medical Association, Phi Beta Kappa, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Royal Society of Medicine, and Society of University Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS, Professor of Surgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Residency Program Director, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Director, Center for Advanced Surgical Aesthetics
Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Association for Academic Surgery, and Medical Association of the State of Alabama
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD, Practice Director, Colorado Plastic Surgery Center at Swedish Medical Center
Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Colorado Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Deepak Narayan, MD, FRCS, Associate Professor of Surgery (Plastic), Yale University School of Medicine; Chief of Plastic Surgery, West Haven Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Deepak Narayan, MD, FRCS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Indian Medical Association, Plastic Surgery Research Council, Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, and Royal College of Surgeons of England
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.