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Urogenital Reconstruction, Penile Hypospadias: Workup

Author: Fabio Santanelli, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery, University of Rome; Chief of Unita Operativa Dipartimentale di Chirurgia Plastica, Azienda Ospedaliera, Sant'Andrea, Rome
Coauthor(s): Francesca Romana Grippaudo, MD, Assistant Professor, Unit of Plastic Surgery, 2nd Medical Faculty, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jun 30, 2008

Workup

Laboratory Studies

  • Obtain a complete blood cell (CBC) count for infants and elderly persons.
  • In severe forms of virilization failure, determine sex assignment with karyotype analysis and blood and urinary hormone levels.

Imaging Studies

  • Perform ultrasonography to assess the normality of the upper urinary system in the presence of other organ system anomalies, syndromic patients, or ambiguous genitalia.
  • Obtain a chest radiograph if indicated by examination findings or the patient's history.

Other Tests

  • Obtain an ECG per anesthesia or operating room guidelines.

More on Urogenital Reconstruction, Penile Hypospadias

Overview: Urogenital Reconstruction, Penile Hypospadias
Workup: Urogenital Reconstruction, Penile Hypospadias
Treatment: Urogenital Reconstruction, Penile Hypospadias
Follow-up: Urogenital Reconstruction, Penile Hypospadias
Multimedia: Urogenital Reconstruction, Penile Hypospadias
References
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References

  1. Smith ED. The hystory of hypospadias. Pediatr Surg Int. 1977;21:81-85.

  2. Browne D. An operation for hypospadias. Lancet. 1946;1:141-151.

  3. Hinderer U. Hypospadias. Rev Esp Chir Plast. 1968;1:53-58.

  4. Toksu E. Hypospadias: one-stage repair. Plast Reconstr Surg. Apr 1970;45(4):365-9. [Medline].

  5. Duckett JW Jr. Transverse preputial island flap technique for repair of severe hypospadias. Urol Clin North Am. Jun 1980;7(2):423-30. [Medline].

  6. Koyanagi T, Nonomura K, Kakizaki H, et al. Experience with one-stage repair of severe proximal hypospadias: operative technique and results. Eur Urol. 1993;24(1):106-10. [Medline].

  7. Standoli L. Vascularized urethroplasty flaps. The use of vascularized flaps of preputial and penopreputial skin for urethral reconstruction in hypospadias. Clin Plast Surg. Jul 1988;15(3):355-70. [Medline].

  8. Scuderi N, Campus GV. A new technique for hypospadias one-stage repair. Chir Plast. 1983;7:103-109.

  9. Avellán L. Morphology of hypospadias. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980;14(3):239-47. [Medline].

  10. Blair VP, Byers LT. Hypospadias and epispadias. J Urol. 1938;40:814-816.

  11. Castanon Garcia-Alix M, Martin Hortiguela ME, Rodo Salas J. Complications in hypospadias repair:20 years of experience. Cir Pediatr. 1995;8:118-122.

  12. Dayanc M, Tan MO, Gokalp A, et al. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal and mid-penile hypospadias. Eur Urol. Jan 2000;37(1):102-5. [Medline].

  13. Devine CJ Jr, Horton CE. Hypospadias repair. J Urol. Jul 1977;118(1 Pt 2):188-93. [Medline].

  14. Duckett JW. MAGPI (meatoplasty and glanuloplasty): a procedure for subcoronal hypospadias. Urol Clin North Am. Oct 1981;8(3):513-9. [Medline].

  15. Ghali AM, el-Malik EM, al-Malki T, et al. One-stage hypospadias repair. Experience with 544 cases. Eur Urol. Nov 1999;36(5):436-42. [Medline].

  16. Hayashi Y, Kojima Y, Mizuno K, et al. The modified Koyanagi repair for severe proximal hypospadias. BJU Int. Feb 2001;87(3):235-8. [Medline].

  17. Johanson B, Avellán L. Hypospadias. A review of 299 cases operated 1957-69. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg. 1980;14(3):259-67. [Medline].

  18. Minevich E, Pecha BR, Wacksman J, et al. Mathieu hypospadias repair: experience in 202 patients. J Urol. Dec 1999;162(6):2141-2; discussion 2142-3. [Medline].

  19. Santanelli F. Distally based turnover flap and preputium plasty for distal hypospadias repair: a preliminary report. Ann Plast Surg. Nov 1992;29(5):413-6. [Medline].

  20. Santanelli F. Vertical preputial flap with double skin island for correction of hypospadias with severe recurvatum. Ann Plast Surg. Sep 1994;33(3):305-12. [Medline].

  21. Santanelli F, D'Andrea F, Savanelli A, et al. Reconstruction of hypospadias with a vertical preputial island flap. A follow-up study of 127 patients. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 1990;24(1):67-73. [Medline].

  22. Scuderi N, Tirone L, D'Andrea F. Terapia dell'ipospadia peniena e revisione di oltre 100 casi trattati con tecnica personale. Rivista Italiana di Chirurgia Plastica. 1988;20:339-358.

  23. Soygur T, Filiz E, Zumrutbas AE, et al. Results of dorsal midline plication in children with penile curvature and hypospadias. Urology. Oct 2004;64(4):795-8; discussion 798. [Medline].

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Further Reading

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Keywords

hypospadias repair, urogenital reconstruction, penile hypospadias, penile reconstruction, urethroplasty, hypospadias, epispadias, bifid clitoris, bladder exstrophy, hidden penis, penile curvature, urethral hypoplasia, urethra reconstruction, urethra repair, urethral repair, urethra surgery, hypospadias malformation

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Fabio Santanelli, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Plastic Surgery, University of Rome; Chief of Unita Operativa Dipartimentale di Chirurgia Plastica, Azienda Ospedaliera, Sant'Andrea, Rome
Fabio Santanelli, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, European Association of Plastic Surgeons, and International Confederation for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Francesca Romana Grippaudo, MD, Assistant Professor, Unit of Plastic Surgery, 2nd Medical Faculty, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Francesca Romana Grippaudo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: International Confederation for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Dennis P Orgill, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School; Director, Burn Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital
Dennis P Orgill, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Burn Association, American Medical Association, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, Massachusetts Medical Society, and Plastic Surgery Research Council
Disclosure: Kinetic Concepts, Inc. Grant/research funds Principle Investigator; Marine Polymers  Grant/research funds Principle Investigator; Naval Blood Research Lab Grant/research funds Principle Investigator

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS, Professor of Surgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Residency Program Director, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Director, Center for Advanced Surgical Aesthetics
Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Association for Academic Surgery, and Medical Association of the State of Alabama
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD, Practice Director, Colorado Plastic Surgery Center at Swedish Medical Center
Nicolas (Nick) G Slenkovich, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, American Medical Association, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, and Colorado Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS, Professor of Surgery and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Residency Program Director, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Director, Center for Advanced Surgical Aesthetics
Jorge I de la Torre, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Plastic Surgeons, American Burn Association, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery, American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery, American Society of Maxillofacial Surgeons, American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Association for Academic Surgery, and Medical Association of the State of Alabama
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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