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Urogenital Reconstruction, Penile Epispadias: Follow-up
Updated: Jun 23, 2008
Outcome and Prognosis
In terms of overall success rates, the incidence of fistulas or stenosis, and the mean hospitalization time, functional results obtained with one-stage epispadias correction have proved to be superior to those obtained with multistage procedures; the prognosis is good.
For one-stage reconstruction, the use of a well-nourished and innervated flap with a long and pliable pedicle is necessary to achieve the high success rate reported in the literature.
Surgical repair generally results in both continence (ability to control the flow of urine) and a good cosmetic outcome.1 Successful reconstruction of epispadias improves the body image and enables the patient to perform sexually.4
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References
Ben-Chaim J, Peppas DS, Jeffs RD, Gearhart JP. Complete male epispadias: genital reconstruction and achieving continence. J Urol. May 1995;153(5):1665-7. [Medline].
Mollard P, Basset T, Mure PY. Male epispadias: experience with 45 cases. J Urol. Jul 1998;160(1):55-9. [Medline].
Surer I, Baker LA, Jeffs RD, Gearhart JP. The modified Cantwell-Ransley repair for exstrophy and epispadias: 10- year experience. J Urol. Sep 2000;164(3 Pt 2):1040-2; discussion 1042-3. [Medline].
Kramer SA, Mesrobian HG, Kelalis PP. Long-term followup of cosmetic appearance and genital function in male epispadias: review of 70 patients. J Urol. Mar 1986;135(3):543-7. [Medline].
Caione P, Capozza N, Lais A, Matarazzo E. Periurethral muscle complex reassembly for exstrophy-epispadias repair. J Urol. Dec 2000;164(6):2062-6. [Medline].
Diamond DA, Ransley PG. Improved glanuloplasty in epispadias repair: technical aspects. J Urol. Oct 1994;152(4):1243-5. [Medline].
Gearhart JP. Re: results of complete penile disassembly for epispadias repair in 42 patients. J Urol. Jun 2004;171(6 Pt 1):2386; author reply 2386. [Medline].
Grossman JA, Caldamone A, Khouri R, Kenna DM. Cutaneous blood supply of the penis. Plast Reconstr Surg. Feb 1989;83(2):213-6. [Medline].
Horton CE, Sadove RC, Jordan GH, Sagher U. Use of the rectus abdominis muscle and fascia flap in reconstruction of epispadias/exstrophy. Clin Plast Surg. Jul 1988;15(3):393-7. [Medline].
Patten BM, Barry A. The genesis of extrophy of the bladder and epispadias. Am J Anat. 1952;90:35.
Santanelli F, Fogdestam I. Use of a vertical island flap for correction of epispadias. Ann Plast Surg. Oct 1991;27(4):345-50. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
congenital malformation, genitalia malformation, genital malformation, penis malformation, deformed penis, penis repair, penis reconstruction, penile repair, penile surgery, penis, epispadias, epispadias-exstrophy of the bladder, bladder epispadias-exstrophy, bladder epispadias, bladder exstrophy, penile exstrophy, penis epispadias, penis exstrophy, impotentia coeundi, impotentia generandi, penis curvature, penile curvature, glanuloplasty, epispadiac penis, chordee
Follow-up: Urogenital Reconstruction, Penile Epispadias