eMedicine Specialties > Allergy and Immunology > Allergy Pathogenesis
Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed: Follow-up
Updated: Jun 2, 2009
Follow-up
Deterrence/Prevention
- Avoiding offending agents requires the identification of Rhus toxicodendron plants.
Complications
- Secondary infections such as cellulitis can occur.
Prognosis
- The prognosis for delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions is excellent.
Patient Education
- Encourage patients to learn about the different species within the Rhus genus of plants. Most encyclopedias contain this information.
Miscellaneous
Medicolegal Pitfalls
- Misdiagnosis can result in inadequate or improper treatment.
The authors and editors of eMedicine gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors Walter Duane Hinshaw, DO; Gregory Paul Neyman, MD; and Stephen Mark Olmstead, DO; to the development and writing of this article.
More on Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed |
| Overview: Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed |
| Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed |
| Treatment & Medication: Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed |
Follow-up: Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed |
| References |
| Further Reading |
| « Previous Page |
References
Olivier C. [Intradermal tuberculin test]. Arch Pediatr. Jun 2000;7 Suppl 3:559s-564s. [Medline].
Facktor MA, Bernstein RA, Fireman P. Hypersensitivity to tetanus toxoid. J Allergy Clin Immunol. Jul 1973;52(1):1-12. [Medline].
Chadha VK. Tuberculin test. Indian J Pediatr. Jan 2001;68(1):53-8. [Medline].
Rigouts L. Clinical practice : Diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Eur J Pediatr. Apr 25 2009;[Medline].
Wilson JD. Skin testing in the assessment of cell-mediated immunity. N Z Med J. Jan 26 1977;85(580):41-4. [Medline].
Jorizzo JL, Sams WM, Jegasothy BV, Olansky AJ. Cimetidine as an immunomodulator: chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis as a model. Ann Intern Med. Feb 1980;92(2 Pt 1):192-5. [Medline].
Cohen DE, Brancaccio RR, Soter NA. Diagnostic tests for type IV or delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Clin Allergy Immunol. 2000;15:287-305. [Medline].
Fauci AJ, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1998.
Gifford RR, Hatfield SM, Schmidtke JR. Cimetidine-induced augmentation of human lymphocyte blastogenesis by mitogen, bacterial antigen, and alloantigen. Transplantation. Feb 1980;29(2):143-8. [Medline].
Goroll AH, May LA, Mulley AG, eds. Primary Care Medicine: Office Evaluation and Management of the Adult Patient. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000.
Hyman MH. Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions. Ann Intern Med. May 4 2004;140(9):W35; author reply W36. [Medline].
Jacysyn JF, Abrahamsohn IA, Macedo MS. Modulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity during the time course of immune response to a protein antigen. Immunology. Mar 2001;102(3):373-9. [Medline].
Jelinek C. Appendix E: Diagnostic Procedures. Delayed Hypersensitivity Skin Testing. In: Allergy/Immunology Specialist Course Manual. 5th ed. US Army; 1990:E-1-11.
Kusy RP. Clinical response to allergies in patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. May 2004;125(5):544-7. [Medline].
Middleton E Jr, Reed CE, Ellis EF, et al, eds. Allergy: Principles and Practice. 5th ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book; 1998.
Roitt IM. Essential Immunology. 9th ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Scientific; 1998:Chapters 22-23.
Simon MR, Salberg DJ, Crane SA. In vivo cimetidine augmentation of phytohemagglutinin-induced human lymphocyte thymidine uptake. Transplantation. May 1981;31(5):400-2. [Medline].
Slavin RG, Tennenbaum JI, Becker RJ, et al. Cell transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to ragweed from atopic subjects treated with emulsified ragweed extracts. J Allergy. 1963;34:368-73.
Further Reading
Relevant guidelines
Guidelines for the investigation of contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis. Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Guidelines for the investigation of contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis. Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC. MMWR Recomm Rep 2005 Dec 16;54(RR-15):1-47.
Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings-2003.
Kohn WG, Collins AS, Cleveland JL, Harte JA, Eklund KJ, Malvitz DM. Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings--2003. MMWR Recomm Rep 2003 Dec 19;52(RR-17):1-61.
Keywords
classic delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, type IV hypersensitivity reaction, cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, delayed-type hypersensitivity, DTH, delayed hypersensitivity, allergic reaction, delayed allergic reaction, hypersensitivity, allergy, allergies, transplant rejection, tumor immunity, transplantation reaction, transplant reaction, transplantation rejection, contact dermatitis, allograft rejection, poison ivy, poison oak, poison sumac, tuberculin skin test reactions, granulomatous inflammation, sarcoidosis, Crohn disease, allograft rejection, graft-versus-host disease, GVHD, graft versus host disease, autoimmune hypersensitivity reaction, inflammatory response, allergic dermatitis, rash, skin rash, anergy, delayed hypersensitivity reactions
Follow-up: Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed