eMedicine Specialties > Cardiology > Valvular Heart Disease
Aortic Regurgitation: Multimedia
Updated: Jun 26, 2007
Multimedia
![]() | Media file 1: The light blue jet represents the aortic regurgitant flow on this 2-dimensional color Doppler echocardiogram showing severe aortic regurgitation. |
More on Aortic Regurgitation |
| Overview: Aortic Regurgitation |
| Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Aortic Regurgitation |
| Treatment & Medication: Aortic Regurgitation |
| Follow-up: Aortic Regurgitation |
Multimedia: Aortic Regurgitation |
| References |
| « Previous Page |
References
ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol. Nov 1998;32(5):1486-588. [Medline].
Bekeredjian R, Grayburn PA. Valvular heart disease: aortic regurgitation. Circulation. Jul 5 2005;112(1):125-34. [Medline].
Bonow RO, Dodd JT, Maron BJ, et al. Long-term serial changes in left ventricular function and reversal of ventricular dilatation after valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation. Circulation. Nov 1988;78(5 Pt 1):1108-20. [Medline].
Bonow RO, Nikas D, Elefteriades JA. Valve replacement for regurgitant lesions of the aortic or mitral valve in advanced left ventricular dysfunction. Cardiol Clin. Feb 1995;13(1):73-83, 85. [Medline].
Bonow RO, Picone AL, McIntosh CL, et al. Survival and functional results after valve replacement for aortic regurgitation from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function. Circulation. Dec 1985;72(6):1244-56. [Medline].
Bonow RO, Rosing DR, McIntosh CL, et al. The natural history of asymptomatic patients with aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. Circulation. Sep 1983;68(3):509-17. [Medline].
Borer JS, Bonow RO. Contemporary approach to aortic and mitral regurgitation. Circulation. Nov 18 2003;108(20):2432-8. [Medline].
Borer JS, Hochreiter C, Herrold EM, et al. Prediction of indications for valve replacement among asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular performance. Circulation. Feb 17 1998;97(6):525-34. [Medline].
Clark DG, McAnulty JH, Rahimtoola SH. Valve replacement in aortic insufficiency with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. Feb 1980;61(2):411-21. [Medline].
Daniel WG, Hood WP, Siart A, et al. Chronic aortic regurgitation: reassessment of the prognostic value of preoperative left ventricular end-systolic dimension and fractional shortening. Circulation. Apr 1985;71(4):669-80. [Medline].
[Best Evidence] Evangelista A, Tornos P, Sambola A, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J. Long-term vasodilator therapy in patients with severe aortic regurgitation. N Engl J Med. Sep 29 2005;353(13):1342-9. [Medline].
Fioretti P, Roelandt J, Sclavo M, et al. Postoperative regression of left ventricular dimensions in aortic insufficiency: a long-term echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. Apr 1985;5(4):856-61. [Medline].
Forman R, Firth BG, Barnard MS. Prognostic significance of preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction and valve lesion in patients with aortic valve replacement. Am J Cardiol. Jun 1980;45(6):1120-5. [Medline].
Gaasch WH, Andrias CW, Levine HJ. Chronic aortic regurgitation: the effect of aortic valve replacement on left ventricular volume, mass and function. Circulation. Nov 1978;58(5):825-36. [Medline].
Gaasch WH, Carroll JD, Levine HJ, Criscitiello MG. Chronic aortic regurgitation: prognostic value of left ventricular end- systolic dimension and end-diastolic radius/thickness ratio. J Am Coll Cardiol. Mar 1983;1(3):775-82. [Medline].
Goldschlager N, Pfeifer J, Cohn K, et al. The natural history of aortic regurgitation. A clinical and hemodynamic study. Am J Med. May 1973;54(5):577-88. [Medline].
Greenberg B, Massie B, Bristow JD, et al. Long-term vasodilator therapy of chronic aortic insufficiency. A randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Circulation. Jul 1988;78(1):92-103. [Medline].
Greves J, Rahimtoola SH, McAnulty JH, et al. Preoperative criteria predictive of late survival following valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation. Am Heart J. Mar 1981;101(3):300-8. [Medline].
Grossman W, Jones D, McLaurin LP. Wall stress and patterns of hypertrophy in the human left ventricle. J Clin Invest. Jul 1975;56(1):56-64. [Medline].
Hwang MH, Hammermeister KE, Oprian C, et al. Preoperative identification of patients likely to have left ventricular dysfunction after aortic valve replacement. Participants in the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Valvular Heart Disease. Circulation. Sep 1989;80(3 Pt 1):I65-76. [Medline].
Kawanishi DT, McKay CR, Chandraratna PA, et al. Cardiovascular response to dynamic exercise in patients with chronic symptomatic mild-to-moderate and severe aortic regurgitation. Circulation. Jan 1986;73(1):62-72. [Medline].
Klodas E, Enriquez-Sarano M, Tajik AJ, et al. Aortic regurgitation complicated by extreme left ventricular dilation: long-term outcome after surgical correction. J Am Coll Cardiol. Mar 1 1996;27(3):670-7. [Medline].
Klodas E, Enriquez-Sarano M, Tajik AJ, et al. Optimizing timing of surgical correction in patients with severe aortic regurgitation: role of symptoms. J Am Coll Cardiol. Sep 1997;30(3):746-52. [Medline].
Krayenbuehl HP, Hess OM, Monrad ES, et al. Left ventricular myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before, intermediate, and late after aortic valve replacement. Circulation. Apr 1989;79(4):744-55. [Medline].
Kumpuris AG, Quinones MA, Waggoner AD, et al. Importance of preoperative hypertrophy, wall stress and end-systolic dimension as echocardiographic predictors of normalization of left ventricular dilatation after valve replacement in chronic aortic insufficiency. Am J Cardiol. Apr 1 1982;49(5):1091-100. [Medline].
Lin M, Chiang HT, Lin SL, et al. Vasodilator therapy in chronic asymptomatic aortic regurgitation: enalapril versus hydralazine therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. Oct 1994;24(4):1046-53. [Medline].
Niwa K, Perloff JK, Bhuta SM, et al. Structural abnormalities of great arterial walls in congenital heart disease: light and electron microscopic analyses. Circulation. Jan 23 2001;103(3):393-400. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Scognamiglio R, Negut C, Palisi M, Fasoli G, Dalla-Volta S. Long-term survival and functional results after aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic patients with chronic severe aortic regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. Apr 5 2005;45(7):1025-30. [Medline].
Scognamiglio R, Rahimtoola SH, Fasoli G, et al. Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. N Engl J Med. Sep 15 1994;331(11):689-94. [Medline].
Siemienczuk D, Greenberg B, Morris C, et al. Chronic aortic insufficiency: factors associated with progression to aortic valve replacement. Ann Intern Med. Apr 15 1989;110(8):587-92. [Medline].
Singh JP, Evans JC, Levy D, et al. Prevalence and clinical determinants of mitral, tricuspid, and aortic regurgitation (the Framingham Heart Study). Am J Cardiol. Mar 15 1999;83(6):897-902. [Medline].
Stone PH, Clark RD, Goldschlager N, et al. Determinants of prognosis of patients with aortic regurgitation who undergo aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol. May 1984;3(5):1118-26. [Medline].
Tornos MP, Olona M, Permanyer-Miralda G, et al. Clinical outcome of severe asymptomatic chronic aortic regurgitation: a long-term prospective follow-up study. Am Heart J. Aug 1995;130(2):333-9. [Medline].
Turina J, Turina M, Rothlin M, Krayenbuehl HP. Improved late survival in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation by earlier operation. Circulation. Sep 1984;70(3 Pt 2):I147-52. [Medline].
Verheul HA, van den Brink RB, Bouma BJ, et al. Analysis of risk factors for excess mortality after aortic valve replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol. Nov 1 1995;26(5):1280-6. [Medline].
Weber KT, Brilla CG. Pathological hypertrophy and cardiac interstitium. Fibrosis and renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system. Circulation. Jun 1991;83(6):1849-65. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
aortic regurgitation, AR, aortic insufficiency, aortic disease, syphilitic aortitis, rheumatic valvulitis, aortic root disorders, Marfan disease, Marfan syndrome, degeneration of bicuspid aortic valves, bicuspid aortic valve degeneration, regurgitant aortic flow


Multimedia: Aortic Regurgitation