eMedicine Specialties > Gastroenterology > Biliary

Choledocholithiasis: Multimedia

Author: Imad S Dandan, MD, Consulting Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Trauma Section, Scripps Memorial Hospital
Coauthor(s): Assaad M Soweid, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Firass Abiad, MD, Head of Division, General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Specialized Medical Center Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jul 16, 2008

Multimedia

Intraoperative cholangiogram demonstrating a dist...Media file 1: Intraoperative cholangiogram demonstrating a distal common bile duct stone with dilatation.
Intraoperative cholangiogram demonstrating a dist...

Intraoperative cholangiogram demonstrating a distal common bile duct stone with dilatation.

Postendoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal x...Media file 2: Postendoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal x-ray film for same patient as in Media file 1.
Postendoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal x...

Postendoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal x-ray film for same patient as in Media file 1.

Intraoperative cholangiogram demonstrating a dist...Media file 3: Intraoperative cholangiogram demonstrating a distal common bile duct stone without dilatation.
Intraoperative cholangiogram demonstrating a dist...

Intraoperative cholangiogram demonstrating a distal common bile duct stone without dilatation.

Postendoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal x...Media file 4: Postendoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal x-ray film for same patient as in Media file 3.
Postendoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal x...

Postendoscopic sphincterotomy and stone removal x-ray film for same patient as in Media file 3.

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP...Media file 5: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) depicting common bile duct and common hepatic duct full of stones.
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP...

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) depicting common bile duct and common hepatic duct full of stones.

More on Choledocholithiasis

Overview: Choledocholithiasis
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Choledocholithiasis
Treatment & Medication: Choledocholithiasis
Follow-up: Choledocholithiasis
Multimedia: Choledocholithiasis
References

References

  1. Abboud PA, Malet PF, Berlin JA, Staroscik R, Cabana MD, Clarke JR, et al. Predictors of common bile duct stones prior to cholecystectomy: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. Oct 1996;44(4):450-5. [Medline].

  2. Alhayaf N, Lalor E, Bain V, McKaigney J, Sandha GS. The clinical impact and cost implication of endoscopic ultrasound on use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a Canadian university hospital. Can J Gastroenterol. Feb 2008;22(2):138-42. [Medline].

  3. Bland KI, Jones RS, Maher JW, Cotton PB, Pennell TC, Amerson JR, et al. Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy of bile duct calculi. An interim report of the Dornier U.S. Bile Duct Lithotripsy Prospective Study. Ann Surg. Jun 1989;209(6):743-53; discussion 753-5. [Medline].

  4. Clair DG, Carr-Locke DL, Becker JM, Brooks DC. Routine cholangiography is not warranted during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Arch Surg. May 1993;128(5):551-4; discussion 554-5. [Medline].

  5. Cox MR, Wilson TG, Toouli J. Peroperative endoscopic sphincterotomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for choledocholithiasis. Br J Surg. Feb 1995;82(2):257-9. [Medline].

  6. DePaula AL, Hashiba K, Bafutto M. Laparoscopic management of choledocholithiasis. Surg Endosc. Dec 1994;8(12):1399-403. [Medline].

  7. Edmundowicz SA, Aliperti G, Middleton WD. Preliminary experience using endoscopic ultrasonography in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis. Endoscopy. Nov 1992;24(9):774-8. [Medline].

  8. Einstein DM, Lapin SA, Ralls PW, Halls JM. The insensitivity of sonography in the detection of choledocholithiasis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Apr 1984;142(4):725-8. [Medline].

  9. Escudero-Fabre A, Escallon A Jr, Sack J, Halpern NB, Aldrete JS. Choledochoduodenostomy. Analysis of 71 cases followed for 5 to 15 years. Ann Surg. Jun 1991;213(6):635-42; discussion 643-4. [Medline].

  10. Fan ST, Lai EC, Mok FP, Lo CM, Zheng SS, Wong J. Early treatment of acute biliary pancreatitis by endoscopic papillotomy. N Engl J Med. Jan 28 1993;328(4):228-32. [Medline].

  11. Fletcher ND, Wise PE, Sharp KW. Common bile duct papillary adenoma causing obstructive jaundice: case report and review of the literature. Am Surg. May 2004;70(5):448-52. [Medline].

  12. Franceschi C. [Conservative hemodynamic ambulatory treatment of venous insufficiency]. Soins Chir. Mar 1992;29-31. [Medline].

  13. Johnson C, Sprinkle PN. Autopsy Incidence of Choledocholithiasis in a General Hospital. NC Med J. 1962;23:107-8.

  14. Kelly TR. Gallstone pancreatitis: pathophysiology. Surgery. Oct 1976;80(4):488-92. [Medline].

  15. Lahmann BE, Adrales G, Schwartz RW. Choledocholithiasis--principles of diagnosis and management. Curr Surg. May-Jun 2004;61(3):290-3. [Medline].

  16. Lai EC, Lo CM, Choi TK, Cheng WK, Fan ST, Wong J. Urgent biliary decompression after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Am J Surg. Jan 1989;157(1):121-5. [Medline].

  17. Lai EC, Mok FP, Tan ES, Lo CM, Fan ST, You KT, et al. Endoscopic biliary drainage for severe acute cholangitis. N Engl J Med. Jun 11 1992;326(24):1582-6. [Medline].

  18. Leese T, Neoptolemos JP, Carr-Locke DL. Successes, failures, early complications and their management following endoscopic sphincterotomy: results in 394 consecutive patients from a single centre. Br J Surg. Mar 1985;72(3):215-9. [Medline].

  19. Lien HH, Huang CC, Huang CS, Shi MY, Chen DF, Wang NY, et al. Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration with T-tube choledochotomy for the management of choledocholithiasis. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. Jun 2005;15(3):298-302. [Medline].

  20. Machi J, Sigel B, Zaren HA, Kurohiji T, Yamashita Y. Operative ultrasonography during hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. World J Surg. Sep-Oct 1993;17(5):640-5; discussion 645-6. [Medline].

  21. Martin IJ, Bailey IS, Rhodes M, O'Rourke N, Nathanson L, Fielding G. Towards T-tube free laparoscopic bile duct exploration: a methodologic evolution during 300 consecutive procedures. Ann Surg. Jul 1998;228(1):29-34. [Medline].

  22. Millbourn E. Klinische studien uber die choledocholithiasis. Acta Chir Scand. 1941;86 (suppl 65).

  23. Moss JP, Whelan JG Jr, Dedman TC 3rd, Voyles RG. Postoperative choledochoscopy through the T-tube tract. Surg Gynecol Obstet. Dec 1980;151(6):806-9. [Medline].

  24. Motson RW, Wetter LA. Operative choledochoscopy: common bile duct exploration is incomplete without it. Br J Surg. Sep 1990;77(9):975-82. [Medline].

  25. Petelin JB. Laparoscopic approach to common duct pathology. Am J Surg. Apr 1993;165(4):487-91. [Medline].

  26. Ranson JH. Etiological and prognostic factors in human acute pancreatitis: a review. Am J Gastroenterol. Sep 1982;77(9):633-8. [Medline].

  27. Rhodes M, Nathanson L, O'Rourke N, Fielding G. Laparoscopic antegrade biliary stenting. Endoscopy. Nov 1995;27(9):676-8. [Medline].

  28. Schirmer BD, Winters KL, Edlich RF. Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2005;15(3):329-38. [Medline].

  29. Shamiyeh A, Lindner E, Danis J, Schwarzenlander K, Wayand W. Short- versus long-sequence MRI cholangiography for the preoperative imaging of the common bile duct in patients with cholecystolithiasis. Surg Endosc. Aug 2005;19(8):1130-4. [Medline].

  30. Stokes KR, Falchuk KR, Clouse ME. Biliary duct stones: update on 54 cases after percutaneous transhepatic removal. Radiology. Mar 1989;170(3 Pt 2):999-1001. [Medline].

  31. Thistle JL, Carlson GL, Hofmann AF, et al. Monooctanoin, a dissolution agent for retained cholesterol bile duct stones: physical properties and clinical application. Gastroenterology. May 1980;78(5 Pt 1):1016-22. [Medline].

  32. Way LW. Retained common duct stones. Surg Clin North Am. Oct 1973;53(5):1139-47. [Medline].

  33. Welbourn CR, Haworth JM, Leaper DJ, Thompson MH. Prospective evaluation of ultrasonography and liver function tests for preoperative assessment of the bile duct. Br J Surg. Oct 1995;82(10):1371-3. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

common bile duct stones, CBD stones, cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy, gallstones, gallbladder stones, Ascaris lumbricoides, A lumbricoides, Clonorchis sinensis, C sinensis, gallstone disease, cholesterol stones, black pigment stones, brown pigment stones, jaundice, cholangitis, pancreatitis, sepsis, parasitic infestation, bile stasis, chronic bactibilia

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Imad S Dandan, MD, Consulting Surgeon, Department of Surgery, Trauma Section, Scripps Memorial Hospital
Imad S Dandan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Trauma Society, California Medical Association, and Society of Critical Care Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Assaad M Soweid, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
Assaad M Soweid, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Gynecological and Obstetrical Society, and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Firass Abiad, MD, Head of Division, General and Laparoscopic Surgery, Specialized Medical Center Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

David Greenwald, MD, Fellowship Program Director, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
David Greenwald, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

BS Anand, MD, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Professor, Baylor University College of Medicine
BS Anand, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Alex J Mechaber, MD, FACP, Assistant Dean for Medical Curriculum, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Alex J Mechaber, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, and Society of General Internal Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Julian Katz, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the Medical College of Pennsylvania
Julian Katz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, American Geriatrics Society, American Medical Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, American Society of Law Medicine and Ethics, American Trauma Society, Association of American Medical Colleges, and Physicians for Social Responsibility
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.