Hepatitis B: Multimedia

References

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32. Liaw YF, Gane E, Leung N, et a. 2-Year GLOBE Trial results: telbivudine is superior to lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology. Nov 1 2008;epub ahead of print. [Medline].

33. Heathcote J, George J, Gordon S, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: week 72 TDF data and week 24 adefovir dipivoxil switch data (study 103) [abstract]. J Hepatol. 2008;(suppl):S26.

34. Marcellin P, Jacobson I, Habersetzer F, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for the treatment of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B: week 72 TDF data and week 24 adefovir dipivoxil switch data (study 102) [abstract]. J Hepatol. 2008;48:S26.

35. [Best Evidence] Marcellin P, Heathcote EJ, Buti M, et al. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med. Dec 4 2008;359(23):2442-55. [Medline]. [Full Text].

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38. Brzosko WJ, Krawczynski K, Nazarewicz T, Morzycka M, Nowoslawski A. Glomerulonephritis associated with hepatitis-B surface antigen immune complexes in children. Lancet. Aug 31 1974;2(7879):477-82. [Medline].

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43. Greenberg HB, Pollard RB, Lutwick LI, et al. Effect of human leukocyte interferon on hepatitis B virus infection in patients with chronic active hepatitis. N Engl J Med. Sep 2 1976;295(10):517-22. [Medline].

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45. Guillevin L, Lhote F, Cohen P, et al. Polyarteritis nodosa related to hepatitis B virus. A prospective study with long-term observation of 41 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). Sep 1995;74(5):238-53. [Medline].

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47. Hadziyannis SJ, Tassopoulos NC, Heathcote EJ, et al, for the Adefovir Dipivoxil 438 Study Group. Long-term therapy with adefovir dipivoxil for HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B for up to 5 years. Gastroenterology. Dec 2006;131(6):1743-51. [Medline].

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Further Reading

Additional resources on hepatitis B are available at Medscape’s Hepatitis B Resource Center.

Related eMedicine Topics

• Alcoholic Hepatitis
• Hepatitis A
• Hepatitis B [in the Pediatrics: General Medicine section]
• Hepatitis C
• Hepatitis D
• Hepatitis E
• Hepatitis, Viral
• Liver Transplantation [in the Transplantation section]
• Liver Transplantation, Complications [in the Radiology section]
• Needle-stick Guideline [in the Emergency Medicine section]
• Nutritional Requirements of Adults Before Transplantation [in the Transplantation section]
• Perioperative Management of the Patient With Liver Disease [in the Perioperative Care section]
• Transfusion Requirements in Liver Transplantation [in the Transplantation section]
• Transplants, Liver [in the Emergency Medicine section]

Clinical Trials

• Activation of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) - Negative But Hepatitis B Core Antibody (Anti-HBc) - Positive Patients
• The Hepatitis B Vaccine Booster Response Among the Youth Who Had Completed Neonatal Hepatitis B Vaccines
• Nabi-HB Administered Subcutaneously in Patients With Hepatitis B Virus Post Liver Transplantation
• Optimizing Hepatitis B Vaccine Response Through the Use of a Topical Immune Modulator
• Study to Compare the Efficacy of GSK Biologicals' Adjuvants in Combination With the Antigen of the Hepatitis B Vaccine
• Tenofovir Alone Versus Tenofovir With Emtricitabine to Treat Chronic Hepatitis B
• Therapeutic Hepatitis B Vaccine (Synthesized Peptide) in Treating Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
• Truvada Versus Truvada Plus HBIG in Prevention of Chronic Hepatitis B Recurrence Post Liver Transplant

National Guideline Clearinghouse

• Behavioral counseling to prevent sexually transmitted infections: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. United States Preventive Services Task Force - Independent Expert Panel. 1996 (revised 2008 Oct). 6 pages. NGC:006686
• (1) Chronic hepatitis B. (2) Corrections to AASLD guidelines on chronic hepatitis B. American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases - Private Nonprofit Research Organization. 2001 Dec (revised 2007 Feb; addendum released 2007 Jun). Original guideline: 25 pages; Addendum: 1 page. NGC:005652
• A comprehensive immunization strategy to eliminate transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in the United States. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) part II: immunization of adults. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Federal Government Agency [U.S.]. 2001 (revised 2006 Dec 8). 33 pages. NGC:005394
• Hepatitis B virus. New York State Department of Health - State/Local Government Agency [U.S.]. 2003 Mar (revised 2008 Jun). 23 pages. NGC:006614
• Recommendations for identification and public health management of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Federal Government Agency [U.S.]. 2008 Sep 19. 20 pages. NGC:006723
• Recommended adult immunization schedule - United States, 2009. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Federal Government Agency [U.S.]. 2007 Nov 20 (revised 2009 Jan 9). 5 pages. NGC:007058

Keywords

hepatitis B, hepatitis, HBV, hepatitis B infection, viral hepatitis, hepatitis B virus, chronic hepatitis, acute hepatitis, cirrhosis, fulminant hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC, extrahepatic manifestations, hepatitis D virus, HDV, delta virus, hepatitis C virus, HCV, hepatitis B surface antigen, HBsAg, Australia antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody, HBsAb, orthohepadnavirus, hepadnaviridae infection,

liver transplantation, liver transplant, OLT, interferon-alpha, IFN-a, peginterferon-alfa 2a, pegylated IFN-a 2a, lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir, telbivudine, tenofovir

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Nikolaos T Pyrsopoulos, MD, PhD, FACP, Chief of Hepatology, Medical Director of Liver Transplantation, Florida Hospital; Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine
Nikolaos T Pyrsopoulos, MD, PhD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, American Liver Foundation, American Medical Association, American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, American Society of Transplantation, International Liver Transplantation Society, and Transplantation Society
Disclosure: Gilead Sciences Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Schering-Plough Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Roche Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Coauthor(s)

K Rajender Reddy, MD, FACP, FACG, Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, University of Miami School of Medicine
K Rajender Reddy, MD, FACP, FACG is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and Florida Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

George Y Wu, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Medicine, Director, Hepatology Section, Herman Lopata Chair in Hepatitis Research, University of Connecticut School of Medicine
George Y Wu, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American Gastroenterological Association, American Medical Association, American Society for Clinical Investigation, and Association of American Physicians
Disclosure: Humana Press Consulting fee Consulting; Novartis Consulting fee Review panel membership

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Oscar S Brann, MD, FACP, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego; Consulting Staff, Mecklenburg Medical Group
Oscar S Brann, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Alex J Mechaber, MD, FACP, Associate Dean for Undergraduate Medical Education, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Alex J Mechaber, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, and Society of General Internal Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Julian Katz, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the Medical College of Pennsylvania
Julian Katz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, American Geriatrics Society, American Medical Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, American Society of Law Medicine and Ethics, American Trauma Society, Association of American Medical Colleges, and Physicians for Social Responsibility
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.