eMedicine Specialties > Gastroenterology > Colon

Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Multimedia

Author: William A Rowe, MD, Consulting Staff, Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Associates
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Apr 28, 2008

Multimedia

Inflammatory bowel disease. Severe colitis noted ...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 1: Inflammatory bowel disease. Severe colitis noted during colonoscopy. The mucosa is grossly denuded, with active bleeding noted. This patient had her colon resected very shortly after this view was obtained.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Inflammatory bowel disease. Severe colitis noted ...

Inflammatory bowel disease. Severe colitis noted during colonoscopy. The mucosa is grossly denuded, with active bleeding noted. This patient had her colon resected very shortly after this view was obtained.

Inflammatory bowel disease. Stricture in the term...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 2: Inflammatory bowel disease. Stricture in the terminal ileum noted during colonoscopy. Narrowed segment visible upon intubation of the terminal ileum with the colonoscope. Relatively little active inflammation is present, indicating that this is a cicatrix stricture.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Inflammatory bowel disease. Stricture in the term...

Inflammatory bowel disease. Stricture in the terminal ileum noted during colonoscopy. Narrowed segment visible upon intubation of the terminal ileum with the colonoscope. Relatively little active inflammation is present, indicating that this is a cicatrix stricture.

Inflammatory bowel disease. Enteroenteric fistula...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 3: Inflammatory bowel disease. Enteroenteric fistula noted on small bowel series of x-ray films. The narrow-appearing segments filled out relatively normally on subsequent films. Note that barium is just starting to enter the cecum in the right lower quadrant (viewer's left), but that barium has also started to enter the sigmoid colon toward the bottom of the picture, thus indicating the presence of a fistula from the small bowel to the sigmoid colon.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Inflammatory bowel disease. Enteroenteric fistula...

Inflammatory bowel disease. Enteroenteric fistula noted on small bowel series of x-ray films. The narrow-appearing segments filled out relatively normally on subsequent films. Note that barium is just starting to enter the cecum in the right lower quadrant (viewer's left), but that barium has also started to enter the sigmoid colon toward the bottom of the picture, thus indicating the presence of a fistula from the small bowel to the sigmoid colon.

Inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn disease involvi...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 4: Inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn disease involving the terminal ileum. Note the "string sign" in the right lower quadrant (viewer's left).
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn disease involvi...

Inflammatory bowel disease. Crohn disease involving the terminal ileum. Note the "string sign" in the right lower quadrant (viewer's left).

Inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation in the t...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 5: Inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation in the terminal ileum noted during colonoscopy. Areas of inflammation, friability, and ulceration in the terminal ileum are consistent with mild-to-moderate Crohn disease.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation in the t...

Inflammatory bowel disease. Inflammation in the terminal ileum noted during colonoscopy. Areas of inflammation, friability, and ulceration in the terminal ileum are consistent with mild-to-moderate Crohn disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease. Severe advanced pyode...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 6: Inflammatory bowel disease. Severe advanced pyoderma gangrenosum of the medial aspect of the left ankle.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Inflammatory bowel disease. Severe advanced pyode...

Inflammatory bowel disease. Severe advanced pyoderma gangrenosum of the medial aspect of the left ankle.

Inflammatory bowel disease. Early pyoderma gangre...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 7: Inflammatory bowel disease. Early pyoderma gangrenosum, before skin breakdown. Medial aspect of the right ankle. Same day and same patient as in Media file 6.
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]
Inflammatory bowel disease. Early pyoderma gangre...

Inflammatory bowel disease. Early pyoderma gangrenosum, before skin breakdown. Medial aspect of the right ankle. Same day and same patient as in Media file 6.

More on Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Overview: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Treatment & Medication: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Follow-up: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Multimedia: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
References
[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

References

  1. Adachi JD, Rostom A. Metabolic bone disease in adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. Aug 1999;5(3):200-11. [Medline].

  2. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. The role of colonoscopy in the management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastrointest Endosc. Dec 1998;48(6):689-90. [Medline].

  3. American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Intestinal dysfunction/failure: Inflammatory Bowel Disease in: Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. Jul-Aug 1993;17(4 Suppl):18SA-19SA. [Medline].

  4. Andres PG, Friedman LS. Epidemiology and the natural course of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Jun 1999;28(2):255-81, vii. [Medline].

  5. Ardizzone S, Petrillo M, Imbesi V, Cerutti R, Bollani S, Bianchi Porro G. Is maintenance therapy always necessary for patients with ulcerative colitis in remission?. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. Mar 1999;13(3):373-9. [Medline].

  6. Becker JM. Surgical therapy for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Jun 1999;28(2):371-90, viii-ix. [Medline].

  7. Bergman L, Djärv L. A comparative study of loperamide and diphenoxylate in the treatment of chronic diarrhoea caused by intestinal resection. Ann Clin Res. Dec 1981;13(6):402-5. [Medline].

  8. Bernstein CN, Boult IF, Greenberg HM, van der Putten W, Duffy G, Grahame GR. A prospective randomized comparison between small bowel enteroclysis and small bowel follow-through in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. Aug 1997;113(2):390-8. [Medline].

  9. Bonner GF, Walczak M, Kitchen L, Bayona M. Tolerance of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. Aug 2000;95(8):1946-8. [Medline].

  10. Breuer RI, Soergel KH, Lashner BA, Christ ML, Hanauer SB, Vanagunas A, et al. Short chain fatty acid rectal irrigation for left-sided ulcerative colitis: a randomised, placebo controlled trial. Gut. Apr 1997;40(4):485-91. [Medline].

  11. Brynskov J, Freund L, Rasmussen SN, Lauritsen K, de Muckadell OS, Williams N, et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial of cyclosporine therapy in active chronic Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. Sep 28 1989;321(13):845-50. [Medline].

  12. Buchman AL. Bones and Crohn's: problems and solutions. Inflamm Bowel Dis. Aug 1999;5(3):212-27. [Medline].

  13. Burakoff R, Opper F. Pregnancy and nursing. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Sep 1995;24(3):689-98. [Medline].

  14. Caulfield ME, Michener WM. Ulcerative colitis. In: Wyllie R, Hyams JS, eds. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1993:765-87.

  15. Choi PM, Nugent FW, Schoetz DJ Jr, Silverman ML, Haggitt RC. Colonoscopic surveillance reduces mortality from colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. Aug 1993;105(2):418-24. [Medline].

  16. Colombel JF, Lemann M, Cassagnou M, Bouhnik Y, Duclos B, Dupas JL, et al. A controlled trial comparing ciprofloxacin with mesalazine for the treatment of active Crohn's disease. Groupe d'Etudes Thérapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives (GETAID). Am J Gastroenterol. Mar 1999;94(3):674-8. [Medline].

  17. Egan LJ, Sandborn WJ, Tremaine WJ, Leighton JA, Mays DC, Pike MG, et al. A randomized dose-response and pharmacokinetic study of methotrexate for refractory inflammatory Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. Dec 1999;13(12):1597-604. [Medline].

  18. Ewe K, Press AG, Singe CC, Stufler M, Ueberschaer B, Hommel G, et al. Azathioprine combined with prednisolone or monotherapy with prednisolone in active Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. Aug 1993;105(2):367-72. [Medline].

  19. Fazio VW, Marchetti F, Church M, Goldblum JR, Lavery C, Hull TL, et al. Effect of resection margins on the recurrence of Crohn's disease in the small bowel. A randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. Oct 1996;224(4):563-71; discussion 571-3. [Medline].

  20. Felder JB, Korelitz BI, Rajapakse R, Schwarz S, Horatagis AP, Gleim G. Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. Aug 2000;95(8):1949-54. [Medline].

  21. Ferry GD. Aminosalicylates in the treatment of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Summary of the workshop on aminosalicylate pharmacology. Inflamm Bowel Dis. May 1998;4(2):113-4; discussion 114-6. [Medline].

  22. Francella A, Dyan A, Bodian C, Rubin P, Chapman M, Present DH. The safety of 6-mercaptopurine for childbearing patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a retrospective cohort study. Gastroenterology. Jan 2003;124(1):9-17. [Medline].

  23. Gaffney PR, Doyle CT, Gaffney A, Hogan J, Hayes DP, Annis P. Paradoxical response to heparin in 10 patients with ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol. Feb 1995;90(2):220-3. [Medline].

  24. Gendre JP, Mary JY, Florent C, Modigliani R, Colombel JF, Soule JC, et al. Oral mesalamine (Pentasa) as maintenance treatment in Crohn's disease: a multicenter placebo-controlled study. The Groupe d'Etudes Thérapeutiques des Affections Inflammatoires Digestives (GETAID). Gastroenterology. Feb 1993;104(2):435-9. [Medline].

  25. Ginsberg AL. Topical salicylate therapy (4-ASA and 5-ASA enemas). Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Mar 1989;18(1):35-42. [Medline].

  26. Gitnick G, ed. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment. New York: Igaku-Shoin Medical; 1995.

  27. Griffiths AM, Ohlsson A, Sherman PM, Sutherland LR. Meta-analysis of enteral nutrition as a primary treatment of active Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. Apr 1995;108(4):1056-67. [Medline].

  28. Hanauer S, Schwartz J, Robinson M, Roufail W, Arora S, Cello J, et al. Mesalamine capsules for treatment of active ulcerative colitis: results of a controlled trial. Pentasa Study Group. Am J Gastroenterol. Aug 1993;88(8):1188-97. [Medline].

  29. Hanauer SB. Review article: safety of infliximab in clinical trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. Sep 1999;13 Suppl 4:16-22; discussion 38. [Medline].

  30. Hanauer SB, Meyers S. Management of Crohn's disease in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. Apr 1997;92(4):559-66. [Medline].

  31. Hurst RD, Cohen RD. The role of laparoscopy and strictureplasty in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Semin Gastrointest Dis. Jan 2000;11(1):10-7. [Medline].

  32. Hyams JS. Crohn's disease. In: Wyllie R, Hyams JS, eds. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1993:742-64.

  33. International Mesalazine Study Group. Coated oral 5-aminosalicylic acid versus placebo in maintaining remission of inactive Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. Feb 1990;4(1):55-64. [Medline].

  34. Issenman RM. Bone mineral metabolism in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. Aug 1999;5(3):192-9. [Medline].

  35. Jacobsen O, Hojgaard L, Hylander Moller E, Wielandt TO, Thale M, Jarnum S, et al. Effect of enterocoated cholestyramine on bowel habit after ileal resection: a double blind crossover study. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). May 4 1985;290(6478):1315-8. [Medline].

  36. Katz J. Treatment of Crohn's disease with 5-ASA. Am J Gastroenterol. Sep 1993;88(9):1315-7. [Medline].

  37. Kirschner BS. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in children. Diagnosis and management. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Mar 1995;24(1):99-117. [Medline].

  38. Kornbluth A, Present DH, Lichtiger S, Hanauer S. Cyclosporin for severe ulcerative colitis: a user's guide. Am J Gastroenterol. Sep 1997;92(9):1424-8. [Medline].

  39. Kornbluth A, Sachar DB. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults. American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee. Am J Gastroenterol. Feb 1997;92(2):204-11. [Medline].

  40. Kornbluth AA, Salomon P, Sacks HS, Mitty R, Janowitz HD. Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of current drug therapy of ulcerative colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. Apr 1993;16(3):215-8. [Medline].

  41. Kozarek RA, Patterson DJ, Gelfand MD, Botoman VA, Ball TJ, Wilske KR. Methotrexate induces clinical and histologic remission in patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Intern Med. Mar 1 1989;110(5):353-6. [Medline].

  42. Lamers CB, Griffioen G, van Hogezand RA, Veenendaal RA. Azathioprine: an update on clinical efficacy and safety in inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1999;230:111-5. [Medline].

  43. Lewis JD, Schwartz JS, Lichtenstein GR. Azathioprine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease: benefits outweigh the risk of lymphoma. Gastroenterology. Jun 2000;118(6):1018-24. [Medline].

  44. Lichtenstein GR. Treatment of fistulizing Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. Oct 2000;119(4):1132-47. [Medline].

  45. Lichtiger S, Present DH. Preliminary report: cyclosporin in treatment of severe active ulcerative colitis. Lancet. Jul 7 1990;336(8706):16-9. [Medline].

  46. Lichtiger S, Present DH, Kornbluth A, Gelernt I, Bauer J, Galler G, et al. Cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid therapy. N Engl J Med. Jun 30 1994;330(26):1841-5. [Medline].

  47. Lochs H, Mayer M, Fleig WE, Mortensen PB, Bauer P, Genser D, et al. Prophylaxis of postoperative relapse in Crohn's disease with mesalamine: European Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study VI. Gastroenterology. Feb 2000;118(2):264-73. [Medline].

  48. Lofberg R, Danielsson A, Suhr O, Nilsson A, Schioler R, Nyberg A, et al. Oral budesonide versus prednisolone in patients with active extensive and left-sided ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. Jun 1996;110(6):1713-8. [Medline].

  49. Mathew CG, Lewis CM. Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease: progress and prospects. Hum Mol Genet. Apr 1 2004;13 Spec No 1:R161-8. [Medline].

  50. Meinzer U, Idestrom M, Alberti C, Peuchmaur M, Belarbi N, Bellaiche M, et al. Ileal involvement is age dependent in pediatric Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. Jul 2005;11(7):639-44. [Medline].

  51. Mekhjian HS, Switz DM, Melnyk CS, Rankin GB, Brooks RK. Clinical features and natural history of Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. Oct 1979;77(4 Pt 2):898-906. [Medline].

  52. Mesalamine Study Group. An oral preparation of mesalamine as long-term maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. Jan 15 1996;124(2):204-11. [Medline].

  53. Michetti P, Peppercorn MA. Medical therapy of specific clinical presentations. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Jun 1999;28(2):353-70, viii. [Medline].

  54. Munakata A, Yoshida Y, Muto T, Tsuchiya S, Fukushima T, Hiwatashi N, et al. Double-blind comparative study of sulfasalazine and controlled-release mesalazine tablets in the treatment of active ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol. Nov 1995;30 Suppl 8:108-11. [Medline].

  55. O'Brien J. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol. Aug 2000;95(8):1859-61. [Medline].

  56. Oostenbrug LE, van Dullemen HM, te Meerman GJ, Jansen PL. IBD and genetics: new developments. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 2003;63-8. [Medline].

  57. Oren R, Moshkowitz M, Odes S, Becker S, Keter D, Pomeranz I, et al. Methotrexate in chronic active Crohn's disease: a double-blind, randomized, Israeli multicenter trial. Am J Gastroenterol. Dec 1997;92(12):2203-9. [Medline].

  58. Poritz LS, Rowe WA, Koltun WA. Remicade does not abolish the need for surgery in fistulizing Crohn's disease. Dis Colon Rectum. Jun 2002;45(6):771-5. [Medline].

  59. Poritz LS, Rowe WA, Swenson BR, Hollenbeak CS, Koltun WA. Intravenous cyclosporine for the treatment of severe steroid refractory ulcerative colitis: what is the cost?. Dis Colon Rectum. Sep 2005;48(9):1685-90. [Medline].

  60. Prantera C, Cottone M, Pallone F, Annese V, Franze A, Cerutti R, et al. Mesalamine in the treatment of mild to moderate active Crohn's ileitis: results of a randomized, multicenter trial. Gastroenterology. Mar 1999;116(3):521-6. [Medline].

  61. Present DH. Review article: the efficacy of infliximab in Crohn's disease--healing of fistulae. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. Sep 1999;13 Suppl 4:23-8; discussion 38. [Medline].

  62. Present DH, Rutgeerts P, Targan S, Hanauer SB, Mayer L, van Hogezand RA, et al. Infliximab for the treatment of fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease. N Engl J Med. May 6 1999;340(18):1398-405. [Medline].

  63. Rankin GB, Watts HD, Melnyk CS, Kelley ML Jr. National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: extraintestinal manifestations and perianal complications. Gastroenterology. Oct 1979;77(4 Pt 2):914-20. [Medline].

  64. Rowe WA, Bayless TM. Colonic short-chain fatty acids: fuel from the lumen?. Gastroenterology. Jul 1992;103(1):336-8. [Medline].

  65. Rutgeerts P, Feagan BG, Lichtenstein GR, Mayer LF, Schreiber S, Colombel JF, et al. Comparison of scheduled and episodic treatment strategies of infliximab in Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. Feb 2004;126(2):402-13. [Medline].

  66. Rutgeerts PJ. Review article: efficacy of infliximab in Crohn's disease--induction and maintenance of remission. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. Sep 1999;13 Suppl 4:9-15; discussion 38. [Medline].

  67. Sandborn WJ. Azathioprine: state of the art in inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1998;225:92-9. [Medline].

  68. Sandborn WJ, Tremaine WJ, Offord KP, Lawson GM, Petersen BT, Batts KP, et al. Transdermal nicotine for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. Mar 1 1997;126(5):364-71. [Medline].

  69. Sands BE, Bank S, Sninsky CA, Robinson M, Katz S, Singleton JW, et al. Preliminary evaluation of safety and activity of recombinant human interleukin 11 in patients with active Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology. Jul 1999;117(1):58-64. [Medline].

  70. Scheppach W. Treatment of distal ulcerative colitis with short-chain fatty acid enemas. A placebo-controlled trial. German-Austrian SCFA Study Group. Dig Dis Sci. Nov 1996;41(11):2254-9. [Medline].

  71. Scheppach W, Sommer H, Kirchner T, Paganelli GM, Bartram P, Christl S, et al. Effect of butyrate enemas on the colonic mucosa in distal ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology. Jul 1992;103(1):51-6. [Medline].

  72. Scotiniotis I, Rubesin SE, Ginsberg GG. Imaging modalities in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Jun 1999;28(2):391-421, ix. [Medline].

  73. Shaffer EA, Corenblum EB. Osteonecrosis, corticosteroid use and Crohn's disease: evidence-based medicine versus civil law. Can J Gastroenterol. Feb 2000;14(2):91-3. [Medline].

  74. Silvennoinen JA, Karttunen TJ, Niemela SE, Manelius JJ, Lehtola JK. A controlled study of bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut. Jul 1995;37(1):71-6. [Medline].

  75. Stein RB, Hanauer SB. Medical therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Jun 1999;28(2):297-321. [Medline].

  76. Stein RB, Lichtenstein GR. Complications after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Semin Gastrointest Dis. Jan 2000;11(1):2-9. [Medline].

  77. Sutherland LR, May GR, Shaffer EA. Sulfasalazine revisited: a meta-analysis of 5-aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Ann Intern Med. Apr 1 1993;118(7):540-9. [Medline].

  78. Thomsen OO, Cortot A, Jewell D, Wright JP, Winter T, Veloso FT, et al. A comparison of budesonide and mesalamine for active Crohn's disease. International Budesonide-Mesalamine Study Group. N Engl J Med. Aug 6 1998;339(6):370-4. [Medline].

  79. Tremaine WJ. Inflammatory bowel disease workshop. Vail, Colorado, March 22 and 23, 1998. Maintenance therapy in IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis. Nov 1998;4(4):292-5; discussion 295-301. [Medline].

  80. Yamamoto T, Keighley MR. Smoking and disease recurrence after operation for Crohn's disease. Br J Surg. Apr 2000;87(4):398-404. [Medline].

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Further Reading

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Keywords

IBD, Crohn disease, Crohn's disease, terminal ileitis, granulomatous enteritis, ulcerative colitis, gastrointestinal tract disease, GI tract disease, gastrointestinal disease, GI disease, Clostridium difficile, C difficile, irritable bowel syndrome, IBS, irritable bowel disease, pyoderma gangrenosum, bloody diarrhea, inflamed colon, colonoscopy, proctocolectomy, continent ileostomy, Koch pouch, colonic disease, ileoanal anastomosis, segmental colon resection, colorectal cancer, Crohn colitis, intestinal obstruction, intestinal strictures, scarred strictures, cicatrix strictures, colonic strictures, fistulae, perianal disease, toxic megacolon, colon cancer, pancolitis, perianal abscesses, loss of colonic haustrae, sigmoidoscopy, proctitis, colectomy, occult blood loss, growth retardation, gastric Crohn disease, duodenal Crohn disease, medication-induced arthropathies, axial arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, sacroiliitis, episcleritis, iritis, uveitis, erythema nodosum, herpetic lesions, calcium oxalate stones, hydronephrosis, sclerosing cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma, cirrhosis, gallstones, iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease, strokes, retinal thrombi, pulmonary emboli

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

William A Rowe, MD, Consulting Staff, Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Associates
William A Rowe, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and Crohns and Colitis Foundation of America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Rajeev Vasudeva, MD, FACG, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Consultants in Gastroenterology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
Rajeev Vasudeva, MD, FACG is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and South Carolina Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Oscar S Brann, MD, FACP, Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego; Consulting Staff, Mecklenburg Medical Group
Oscar S Brann, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American Gastroenterological Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Alex J Mechaber, MD, FACP, Assistant Dean for Medical Curriculum, Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
Alex J Mechaber, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, and Society of General Internal Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Julian Katz, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the Medical College of Pennsylvania
Julian Katz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, American Geriatrics Society, American Medical Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, American Society of Law Medicine and Ethics, American Trauma Society, Association of American Medical Colleges, and Physicians for Social Responsibility
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.