Malignant Atrophic Papulosis Clinical Presentation

  • Author: L Campbell Levy, MD; Chief Editor: Julian Katz, MD   more...
 
Updated: Jan 8, 2010
 

History

  • Most patients have cutaneous involvement, and it is these manifestations that prompt patients to seek clinical evaluation. Patients usually describe multiple small papular skin lesions. Typically, the lesions involve primarily the trunk and limbs; they are rarely painful, tender, or pruritic. The lesions appear in crops with new groups of lesions developing intermittently. Palms, soles, face, scalp, and genitalia tend to be spared, but exceptions have been noted. Specifically, multiple cases of painful genital ulceration have been reported.
  • Gastrointestinal manifestations most often appear several weeks, months, or even years after a cutaneous eruption, although there are infrequent reports of gastrointestinal symptoms preceding the skin lesions. The gastrointestinal manifestations are most often nonspecific and include abdominal pain, abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation. Patients with extensive involvement of the gastrointestinal tract also may experience weakness, fatigue, weight loss, or symptoms of malabsorption. In late stages of malignant atrophic papulosis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, bowel infarction, fistulae, and perforation may be observed.
  • Neurologic involvement is also common. As with the gastrointestinal symptoms, neurologic symptoms are usually nonspecific. Involvement of both central and peripheral nervous systems can occur and can cause paresthesias of the face and extremities, headaches, dizziness, seizures, hemiplegia, aphasia, paraplegia, and gaze palsy.
  • Symptoms from involvement of other organ systems are rare. Chest pain and dyspnea may occur with involvement of the lungs, pleura, pericardium, and myocardium. Involvement of the eyes can result in diplopia, blurred vision, and visual field defects.
Next

Physical

  • The recognition of the skin lesions is critical to an accurate diagnosis. The early lesions are pinkish papules that appear in bouts, are about 2-5 mm in size, and occur on the trunk and extremities while usually sparing the face, palms, soles, and scalp. Within a few days, these papules become umbilicated, with depressed centers. At presentation, most of the papules have reached the atrophic stage and appear as porcelain-white lesions covered with a fine scale and surrounded by a 1- to 2-mm erythematous border. Individual lesions usually remain stable, without a tendency to spread or coalesce with neighboring lesions. However, a spectrum of presentations has been posited, including the evolution of red, painful, subcutaneous red nodules to the typical atrophic papule.
  • Lesions comparable to those on the skin occasionally may be observed on the conjunctiva or on the genital and buccal mucosa. Lesions have also been observed on the vocal cords.
  • Patients with widespread systemic disease may exhibit signs of neurologic involvement such as hemiparesis, cranial nerve abnormalities, and paresthesias. Ocular abnormalities (eg, ptosis, optic neuritis, subcapsular cataracts) may occur; papilledema also may be found.
Previous
Next

Causes

The etiology of malignant atrophic papulosis is unknown. Autoimmune, hypersensitivity, viral, and genetic factors leading to endothelial dysfunction, small vessel vasculitis, or a coagulopathy have all been implicated. None has been confirmed or is supported by strong evidence. It has also been theorized that malignant atrophic papulosis may not be a distinct disease but rather several processes that converge to produce characteristic clinical and histologic findings.

Previous
Proceed to Differential Diagnoses
 
 
Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

L Campbell Levy, MD  Fellow, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center

L Campbell Levy, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Robert J MacNeal, MD  Staff Physician, Department of Dermatology, Critical Care Fellowship Reviewer, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center; Supervising Medical Officer, Veterans Administration Hospital, White River Junction, Vermont

Robert J MacNeal, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Brian E Lacy, MD, PhD  Associate Professor of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School; Director of GI Motility Laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center

Brian E Lacy, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, American Motility Society, and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Hemant Pande, MD  Consulting Staff, Department of Gastroenterology, Leesville Surgical Clinic and Digestive Disease Center

Hemant Pande, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Lawrence J Cheskin, MD  Director, Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center; Associate Professor, Health, Behavior & Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Joint Appointment, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; International Health/Human Nutrition, JH Bloomberg School of Public Health

Lawrence J Cheskin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, and American Gastroenterological Association

Disclosure: Medifast Salary Employment; Mushroom Council Grant/research funds research grant; Medifast Honoraria Board membership

Specialty Editor Board

David Eric Bernstein, MD  Chief, Section of Hepatology, North Shore University Hospital, Director, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hepatology, New York University School of Medicine

David Eric Bernstein, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine

Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Douglas M Heuman, MD, FACP, FACG, AGAF  Chief of Hepatology, Hunter Holmes McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine

Douglas M Heuman, MD, FACP, FACG, AGAF is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Physicians, and American Gastroenterological Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Alex J Mechaber, MD, FACP  Associate Dean for Undergraduate Medical Education, Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Alex J Mechaber, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, and Society of General Internal Medicine

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Julian Katz, MD  Clinical Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital of the Medical College of Pennsylvania

Julian Katz, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American College of Physicians, American Gastroenterological Association, American Geriatrics Society, American Medical Association, American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, American Trauma Society, Association of American Medical Colleges, and Physicians for Social Responsibility

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

  1. Kohlmeier W. Multiple Hautnekrosen bei thromboangitis obliterans. Arch Dermatol Syphilol. 1941;181:783-792.

  2. Degos R, Delorot J, Tricot R. Dermatite paplulosquameuse atrophinate. Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr. 1942;49:148-150.

  3. Moss C, Wassmer E, Debelle G, et al. Degos disease: a new simulator of non-accidental injury. Dev Med Child Neurol. Aug 2009;51(8):647-50. [Medline].

  4. Aizawa H, Takase Y, Inoue K, Murayama S, Mannen T. [An autopsy case of Degos disease with neurological symptoms--neuropathological observations and increased platelet aggregation] [Japanese]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. Jan 1992;32(1):23-9. [Medline].

  5. Amato C, Ferri R, Elia M, et al. Nervous system involvement in Degos disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. Mar 2005;26(3):646-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].

  6. Assier H, Chosidow O, Piette JC. Absence of antiphospholipid and anti-endothelial cell antibodies in malignant atrophic papulosis: a study of 15 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. Nov 1995;33(5 Pt 1):831-3. [Medline].

  7. Atchabahian A, Laisne MJ, Riche F, et al. Small bowel fistulae in Degos' disease: a case report and literature review. Am J Gastroenterol. Oct 1996;91(10):2208-11. [Medline].

  8. Aydogan K, Alkan G, Karadogan et al. Painful penile ulceration in a patient with malignant atrophic papulosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Sep 2005;19(5):612-6. [Medline].

  9. Ball E, Newburger A, Ackerman AB, et al. Degos' disease: a distinctive pattern of disease, chiefly of lupus erythematosus, and not a specific disease per se. Am J Dermatopathol. Aug 2003;25(4):308-20. [Medline].

  10. Barlow RJ, Heyl T, Simson IW, Schulz EJ. Malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' disease)--diffuse involvement of brain and bowel in an African patient. Br J Dermatol. Jan 1988;118(1):117-23. [Medline].

  11. Beales IL. Malignant atrophic papulosis presenting as gastroparesis. Am J Gastroenterol. Dec 2001;96(12):3462. [Medline].

  12. Bhagwat PV, Tophakhane RS, Shashikumar BM, Noronha TM, Naidu V. Three cases of Dowling Degos disease in two families. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. Jul-Aug 2009;75(4):398-400. [Medline].

  13. Black MM. Malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' disease). Int J Dermatol. Jul-Aug 1976;15(6):405-11. [Medline].

  14. Black MM, Jones EW. Malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' syndrome). Br J Dermatol. Sep 1971;85(3):290-2. [Medline].

  15. Black MM, Nishioka K, Levene GM. The role of dermal blood vessels in the pathogenesis of malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' disease). A study of two cases using enzyme histochemical, fibrinolytic, electron-microscopical and immunological techniques. Br J Dermatol. Mar 1973;88(3):213-9. [Medline].

  16. Bogenrieder T, Kuske M, Landthaler M, Stolz W. Benign Degos' disease developing during pregnancy and followed for 10 years. Acta Derm Venereol. 2002;82(4):284-7. [Medline].

  17. Burrow JN, Blumbergs PC, Iyer PV. Kohlmeier-Degos disease: a multisystem vasculopathy with progressive cerebral infarction. Aust N Z J Med. Feb 1991;21(1):49-51. [Medline].

  18. Casparie MK, Meyer JW, van Huystee BE, Kneppelhout J, Mulder CJ. Endoscopic and histopathologic features of Degos' disease. Endoscopy. Jul 1991;23(4):231-3. [Medline].

  19. Chave TA, Varma S, Patel GK, Knight AG. Malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' disease): clinicopathological correlations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Jan 2001;15(1):43-5. [Medline].

  20. Chung HY, Trendell-Smith NJ, Yeung CK, Mok MY. Degos' disease: a rare condition simulating rheumatic diseases. Clin Rheumatol. Jul 2009;28(7):861-3. [Medline].

  21. Coskun B, Saral Y, Cicek D, Ozercan R. Benign cutaneous Degos' disease: a case report and review of the literature. J Dermatol. Aug 2004;31(8):666-70. [Medline].

  22. Crowson AN, Magro CM, Usmani A, McNutt NS. Immunoglobulin A-associated lymphocytic vasculopathy: a clinicopathologic study of eight patients. J Cutan Pathol. Nov 2002;29(10):596-601. [Medline].

  23. De Breucker S, Vandergheynst F, Decaux G. Inefficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins and infliximab in Degos' disease. Acta Clin Belg. Mar-Apr 2008;63(2):99-102. [Medline].

  24. Degos R. Malignant atrophic papulosis. Br J Dermatol. Jan 1979;100(1):21-35. [Medline].

  25. Delaney TJ, Black MM. Effect of fibrinolytic treatment in malignant atrophic papulosis. Br Med J. Aug 16 1975;3(5980):415. [Medline].

  26. Drucker CR. Malignant atrophic papulosis: response to antiplatelet therapy. Dermatologica. 1990;180(2):90-2. [Medline].

  27. Dubin HV, Stawiski MA. Systemic lupus erythematosus resembling malignant atrophic papulosis. Arch Intern Med. Aug 1974;134(2):321-3. [Medline].

  28. Durie BG, Stroud JD, Kahn JA. Progressive systemic sclerosis with malignant atrophic papulosis. Arch Dermatol. Nov 1969;100(5):575-81. [Medline].

  29. Egan R, Lessell S. Posterior subcapsular cataract in Degos disease. Am J Ophthalmol. Jun 2000;129(6):806-7. [Medline].

  30. Englert HJ, Hawkes CH, Boey ML, et al. Degos' disease: association with anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). Sep 8 1984;289(6445):576. [Medline].

  31. Evans GH, Ribeiro BF. Degos' disease. A rare cause of multiple intestinal perforation. J R Coll Surg Edinb. Dec 1987;32(6):371-2. [Medline].

  32. Farrell AM, Moss J, Costello C, et al. Benign cutaneous Degos' disease. Br J Dermatol. Oct 1998;139(4):708-12. [Medline].

  33. Fernandez-Perez ER, Grabscheid E, Scheinfeld NS. A case of systemic malignant atrophic papulosis (Kohlmeier-Degos' disease). J Natl Med Assoc. Mar 2005;97(3):421-5. [Medline]. [Full Text].

  34. Fruhwirth J, Mischinger HJ, Werkgartner G, Beham A, Pfaffenthaller EC. Kohlmeier-Degos's disease with primary intestinal manifestation. Scand J Gastroenterol. Oct 1997;32(10):1066-70. [Medline].

  35. Gilaberte Y, Coscojuela C, Lezaun A, Marigil MA. Degos disease associated with protein S deficiency. Br J Dermatol. Sep 2005;153(3):666-7. [Medline].

  36. Gonzalez Valverde FM, Menarguez Pina F, Ruiz JA, et al. Presentation of Degos syndrome as acute small-bowel perforation. Arch Surg. Jan 2003;138(1):57-8. [Medline].

  37. Grilli R, Soriano ML, Izquierdo MJ. Panniculitis mimicking lupus erythematosus profundus: a new histopathologic finding in malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos disease). Am J Dermatopathol. Aug 1999;21(4):365-8. [Medline].

  38. Guhl G, Diaz-Ley B, Delgado Y, et al. Wegener's granulomatosis: a new entity in the growing differential diagnosis of Degos' disease. Clin Exp Dermatol. Jul 2009;34(5):e1-3. [Medline].

  39. Guven FO, Bozdag KE, Ermete M, Karaman A. Degos' disease. Int J Dermatol. May 2000;39(5):361-2. [Medline].

  40. Hall-Smith P. Malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' disease). Two cases occurring in the same family. Br J Dermatol. Nov 1969;81(11):817-22. [Medline].

  41. Harvell JD, Williford PL, White WL. Benign cutaneous Degos' disease: a case report with emphasis on histopathology as papules chronologically evolve. Am J Dermatopathol. Apr 2001;23(2):116-23. [Medline].

  42. High WA, Aranda J, Patel SB, et al. Is Degos' disease a clinical and histological end point rather than a specific disease?. J Am Acad Dermatol. Jun 2004;50(6):895-9. [Medline].

  43. Howsden SM, Hodge SJ, Herndon JH. Malignant atrophic papulosis of Degos. Report of a patient who failed to respond to fibrinolytic therapy. Arch Dermatol. Nov 1976;112(11):1582-8. [Medline].

  44. Kanekura T, Uchino Y, Kanzaki T. A case of malignant atrophic papulosis successfully treated with nicotine patches. Br J Dermatol. Sep 2003;149(3):660-2. [Medline].

  45. Katz SK, Mudd LJ, Roenigk HH Jr. Malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' disease) involving three generations of a family. J Am Acad Dermatol. Sep 1997;37(3 pt 1):480-4. [Medline].

  46. Kim DW, Kang SB, Lee KH, et al. Degos' disease (malignant atrophic papulosis) as a fatal cause of acute abdomen: report of a case. Surg Today. 2008;38(9):866-70. [Medline].

  47. Kirkup ME, Hunt SJ, Pawade J, Kennedy CT. Inflammatory linear vasculopathy mimicking Degos' disease. Br J Dermatol. Jun 2004;150(6):1225-7. [Medline].

  48. Kisch LS, Bruynzeel DP. Six cases of malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' disease) occurring in one family. Br J Dermatol. Oct 1984;111(4):469-71. [Medline].

  49. Kocheril SV, Blaivas M, Appleton BE, McCune WJ, Ike RW. Degos' disease mimicking vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. Jun 15 2004;51(3):498-500. [Medline].

  50. Lankisch MR, Johst P, Scolapio JS, Fleming CR. Acute abdominal pain as a leading symptom for Degos' disease (malignant atrophic papulosis). Am J Gastroenterol. Apr 1999;94(4):1098-9. [Medline].

  51. Liu CM, Harris RM, Hansen CD. Lesions resembling malignant atrophic papulosis in a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis. Cutis. Feb 2005;75(2):101-4. [Medline].

  52. Loewe R, Palatin M, Petzelbauer P. Degos disease with an inconspicuous clinical course. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. Jul 2005;19(4):477-80. [Medline].

  53. McLoud TC, Munechika H, Shaw R, Putman CE. Calcific constrictive pericarditis in Degos' disease. South Med J. May 1978;71(5):609-11. [Medline].

  54. Melnik B, Hariry H, Vakilzadeh F, Gropp C, Sitzer G. [Malignant atrophic papulosis (Köhlmeier-Degos disease). Failure to respond to interferon alpha-2a, pentoxifylline and aspirin] [German]. Hautarzt. Sep 2002;53(9):618-21. [Medline].

  55. Mensing C, Mensing H. [Degos atrophic malignant papulosis. Not always malignant!] [German]. Hautarzt. Jan 2002;53(1):42-6. [Medline].

  56. Negahban K, Chern K. Cataracts associated with systemic disorders and syndromes. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. Dec 2002;13(6):419-22. [Medline].

  57. Newton JA, Black MM. Familial malignant atrophic papulosis. Clin Exp Dermatol. May 1984;9(3):298-9. [Medline].

  58. Ojeda Cuchillero RM, Sanchez Regana M, Umbert Millet P. Benign cutaneous Degos' disease. Clin Exp Dermatol. Mar 2003;28(2):145-7. [Medline].

  59. Paolaggi JA, Daniel F, Mugnier B, Debray C. [Digestive manifestations of malignant atrophying papulosis (Degos' disease). Value of laparoscopy] [French]. Ann Med Interne (Paris). Nov 1970;121(11):965-9. [Medline].

  60. Pierce RN, Smith GJ. Intrathoracic manifestations of Degos' disease (malignant atrophic papulosis). Chest. Jan 1978;73(1):79-84. [Medline].

  61. Pinault AL, Barbaud A, Weber-Muller F, Schmutz JL. [Benign familial Degos disease] [French]. Ann Dermatol Venereol. Nov 2004;131(11):989-93. [Medline].

  62. Plantin P, Labouche F, Sassolas B, Delaire P, Guillet G. Degos' disease: a 10-year follow-up of a patient without visceral involvement. J Am Acad Dermatol. Jul 1989;21(1):136-7. [Medline].

  63. Powell J, Bordea C, Wojnarowska F. Benign familial Degos disease worsening during immunosuppression. Br J Dermatol. Sep 1999;141(3):524-7. [Medline].

  64. Premalatha S, Yesudian P, Janaki VR, Rao NR, Thambiah AS. Malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' syndrome): first case report from India [letter]. Clin Exp Dermatol. Sep 1980;5(3):370-1. [Medline].

  65. Rajagopalan B, Pulimood S, George S, Jacob M. Erythrokeratoderma en cocardes. Clin Exp Dermatol. May 1999;24(3):173-4. [Medline].

  66. Requena L, Farina C, Barat A. Degos disease in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. May 1998;38(5 Pt 2):852-6. [Medline].

  67. Rivoire MJ. [Degos' malignant atrophic papulosis. Outcome after 28 months' treatment with anticoagulants] [French]. Bull Soc Fr Dermatol Syphiligr. 1971;78(1):18-9. [Medline].

  68. Rodriguez MA. Ischemic colitis and malignant atrophic papulosis. Am J Gastroenterol. Feb 1977;67(2):163-6. [Medline].

  69. Scheinfeld N. Degos' disease is probably a distinct entity: a review of clinical and laboratory evidence. J Am Acad Dermatol. Feb 2005;52(2):375-6; author reply 376-8. [Medline].

  70. Scheinfeld N. Pairing and comparing nine diseases with Degos disease (malignant atrophic papulosis): an attempt to illustrate our understanding and direct future inquiry. Dermatol Online J. Jan 15 2009;15(1):10. [Medline].

  71. Shimazu S, Imai H, Kokubu S, et al. [Long-term survival in malignant atrophic papulosis: a case report and review of the Japanese literature] [Japanese]. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. Oct 1988;89(10):1748-51. [Medline].

  72. Sidi E, Reinberg A, Spinasse JB. Lethal cutaneous and gastrointestinal arteriolar thrombosis (malignant atrophying papulosis of Degos). JAMA. 1960;174:1170-3.

  73. Snow JL, Muller SA. Degos syndrome: malignant atrophic papulosis. Semin Dermatol. Jun 1995;14(2):99-105. [Medline].

  74. Soter NA, Murphy GF, Mihm MC Jr. Lymphocytes and necrosis of the cutaneous microvasculature in malignant atrophic papulosis: a refined light microscope study. J Am Acad Dermatol. Nov 1982;7(5):620-30. [Medline].

  75. Stahl D, Thomsen K, Hou-Jensen K. Malignant atrophic papulosis: treatment with aspirin and dipyridamole. Arch Dermatol. Nov 1978;114(11):1687-9. [Medline].

  76. Strole WE Jr, Clark WH Jr, Isselbacher KJ. Progressive arterial occlusive disease (Kohlmeier-Degos). A frequently fatal cutaneosystemic disorder. N Engl J Med. Jan 26 1967;276(4):195-201. [Medline].

  77. Subbiah P, Wijdicks E, Muenter M, Carter J, Connolly S. Skin lesion with a fatal neurologic outcome (Degos' disease). Neurology. Mar 1996;46(3):636-40. [Medline].

  78. Sugai F, Sumi H, Hara Y, et al. [An autopsy case of Degos' disease with ascending thoracic myelopathy] [Japanese]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. Dec 1998;38(12):1049-53. [Medline].

  79. Thomas RK, Nithyanandam S, Rawoof BA, Rajendran SC. Malignant atrophic papulosis. Report of a case with multiple ophthalmic findings. Indian J Ophthalmol. Sep 2003;51(3):260-3. [Medline].

  80. Thomson KF, Highet AS. Penile ulceration in fatal malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos' disease). Br J Dermatol. Dec 2000;143(6):1320-2. [Medline].

  81. Torrelo A, Sevilla J, Mediero IG, et al. Malignant atrophic papulosis in an infant. Br J Dermatol. May 2002;146(5):916-8. [Medline].

  82. Tribble K, Archer ME, Jorizzo JL. Malignant atrophic papulosis: absence of circulating immune complexes or vasculitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. Aug 1986;15(2 Pt 2):365-9. [Medline].

  83. Vazquez-Doval FJ, Ruiz de Erenchun F, Paramo JA. Malignant atrophic papulosis. A report of two cases with altered fibrinolysis and platelet function. Clin Exp Dermatol. Sep 1993;18(5):441-4. [Medline].

  84. Vicktor C, Schultz-Ehrenburg U. [Malignant atrophic papulosis (Kohlmeier-Degos): diagnosis, therapy and course] [German]. Hautarzt. Aug 2001;52(8):734-7. [Medline].

  85. Wachter T, Rose C, Bröcker EB, Leverkus M. [Benign course of malignant atrophic papulosis (Kohlmeier-Degos disease): lack of vessel occlusion as good prognostic sign?] [German]. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. May 2003;1(5):374-7. [Medline].

  86. Ward SK, Roenigk HH, Gordon KB. Dermatologic manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. Sep 1998;27(3):615-36, vi. [Medline].

  87. Yag-Howard C, Shenefelt PD. Multiple pink papules with white, depressed centers. Malignant atrophic papulosis (Degos disease). Arch Dermatol. Feb 1998;134(2):233, 236. [Medline].

  88. Yoshikawa H, Maruta T, Yokoji H, et al. Degos' disease: radiological and immunological aspects. Acta Neurol Scand. Nov 1996;94(5):353-6. [Medline].

  89. Yukiiri K, Mizushige K, Ueda T, et al. Degos' disease with constrictive pericarditis: a case report. Jpn Circ J. Jun 2000;64(6):464-7. [Medline].

  90. Zamiri M, Jarrett P, Snow J. Benign cutaneous Degos disease. Int J Dermatol. Aug 2005;44(8):654-6. [Medline].

 
Previous
Next
 
 
 
 
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2012 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.