Pernicious Anemia: Multimedia

References

1. Elmadfa I, Singer I. Vitamin B-12 and homocysteine status among vegetarians: a global perspective. Am J Clin Nutr. May 2009;89(5):1693S-1698S. [Medline].

2. Chan JC, Liu HS, Kho BC, Lau TK, Li VL, Chan FH, et al. Longitudinal study of Chinese patients with pernicious anaemia. Postgrad Med J. Dec 2008;84(998):644-50. [Medline].

3. Andrès E, Vogel T, Federici L, Zimmer J, Ciobanu E, Kaltenbach G. Cobalamin deficiency in elderly patients: a personal view. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2008;848267. [Medline].

4. Erkurt MA, Aydogdu I, Dikilitas M, Kuku I, Kaya E, Bayraktar N, et al. Effects of cyanocobalamin on immunity in patients with pernicious anemia. Med Princ Pract. 2008;17(2):131-5. [Medline].

5. Beutler E, Lichtman MA, Coller BS. Williams Hematology. 6th ed. New York, NY:. McGraw-Hill;2001:425-446.

6. Hoffman R, Benz EJ Jr, Shattil SJ. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. New York, NY:. Churchill Livingstone;2000:446-484.

7. Jandl JH. Blood: Textbook of Hematology. 2nd ed. Boston, Mass:. Little, Brown and Co;1996:251-288.

8. Lee GR, Foerster J, Lukens J. Wintrobe's Clinical Hematology. 10th ed. Baltimore, Md:. Williams & Wilkins;1999:941-978.

9. Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS. The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease. 2nd ed. New York, NY:. McGraw-Hill;1995:3129-3149.

Further Reading

Related eMedicine Topics

• Anemia
• Gastritis, Atrophic
• Gastritis, Chronic
• Megaloblastic Anemia
• Vitamin B-12 Associated Neurological Diseases

• Cobalamin Status in Young Children With Developmental Delay
• Cobalamin Status in Young Children With Gastrointestinal Symptoms or Feeding Problems
• Evaluation of Holotranscobalamin as an Indicator of Vitamin B12 Absorption
• Examining B12 Deficiency Associated With C677T Mutation on MTHFR Gene in Terms of Commonness and Endothelial Function

• Anemia in the long-term care setting. American Medical Directors Association - Professional Association. 2007. 28 pages. NGC:005655
• Pre-conceptional vitamin/folic acid supplementation 2007: the use of folic acid in combination with a multivitamin supplement for the prevention of neural tube defects and other congenital anomalies. Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada - Medical Specialty Society. 2007 Dec. 11 pages. NGC:006776

Keywords

pernicious anemia, vitamin B-12 deficiency, megaloblastic anemia, cobalamin deficiency, Cbl deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, addisonian anemia, Biermer anemia, Hunter-Addison anemia, Lederer anemia, Biermer-Ehrlich anemia, Addison-Biermer disease, macrocytic achylic anemia, malignant anemia,

adenosylcobalamin, methylcobalamin, intrinsic factor, IF, macrocytic anemia, neurological complications, severe gastric atrophy, achlorhydria, gastrectomy, gastric stapling, bypass procedures for obesity, extensive infiltrative disease of the gastric mucosa, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome,

tropical sprue, regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis, ileal lymphoma, Imerslünd-Grasbeck syndrome, chronic pancreatitis, sore tongue, smooth tongue with loss of papillae, paresthesias, megaloblastic madness, tapeworm infestation, Diphyllobothrium latum, congenital pernicious anemia, hereditary transcobalamin I deficiency, homocystinuria, homocystinemia

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Marcel E Conrad, MD, (Retired) Distinguished Professor of Medicine, University of South Alabama
Marcel E Conrad, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Blood Banks, American Chemical Society, American College of Physicians, American Physiological Society, American Society for Clinical Investigation, American Society of Hematology, Association of American Physicians, Association of Military Surgeons of the US, International Society of Hematology, Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, and Southwest Oncology Group
Disclosure: No financial interests None None

Medical Editor

David Aboulafia, MD, Medical Director, Bailey-Boushay House; Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Washington
David Aboulafia, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Medical Association, American Medical Directors Association, American Society of Hematology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Troy H Guthrie, Jr, MD, Director of Cancer Institute, Baptist Medical Center
Troy H Guthrie, Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Federation for Medical Research, American Medical Association, American Society of Hematology, Florida Medical Association, Medical Association of Georgia, and Southern Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Rajalaxmi McKenna, MD, FACP, Consulting Staff, Department of Medicine, Southwest Medical Consultants, SC, Good Samaritan Hospital, Advocate Health Systems
Rajalaxmi McKenna, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Hematology, and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Emmanuel C Besa, MD, Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
Emmanuel C Besa, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Cancer Education, American College of Clinical Pharmacology, American Federation for Medical Research, American Society of Hematology, and New York Academy of Sciences
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.