Babesiosis: Multimedia

References

1. Dobroszycki J, Herwaldt BL, Boctor F, et al. A cluster of transfusion-associated babesiosis cases traced to a single asymptomatic donor. JAMA. Mar 10 1999;281(10):927-30. [Medline].

2. Gerber MA, Shapiro ED, Krause PJ, et al. The risk of acquiring Lyme disease or babesiosis from a blood transfusion. J Infect Dis. Jul 1994;170(1):231-4. [Medline].

3. Jacoby GA, Hunt JV, Kosinski KS, et al. Treatment of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis by exchange transfusion. N Engl J Med. Nov 6 1980;303(19):1098-100. [Medline].

4. Leiby DA. Babesiosis and blood transfusion: flying under the radar. Vox Sang. Apr 2006;90(3):157-65. [Medline].

5. Mintz ED, Anderson JF, Cable RG. Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis: a case report from a new endemic area. Transfusion. May 1991;31(4):365-8. [Medline].

6. Wittner M, Rowin KS, Tanowitz HB, et al. Successful chemotherapy of transfusion babesiosis. Ann Intern Med. May 1982;96(5):601-4. [Medline].

7. Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Ehrlichiosis. In: Cunha BA, ed. Tickborne Infectious Diseases. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2000:139-68.

8. Benach JL, Habicht GS, Hamburger MI. Immunoresponsiveness in acute babesiosis in humans. J Infect Dis. Sep 1982;146(3):369-80. [Medline].

9. Bonoan JT, Cunha BA. Babesiosis. Emerg Med. 1997;26:104.

10. Bonoan JT, Johnson DH, Cunha BA. Life-threatening babesiosis in an asplenic patient treated with exchange transfusion, azithromycin, and atovaquone. Heart Lung. Nov-Dec 1998;27(6):424-8. [Medline].

11. Boustani MR, Gelfand JA. Babesiosis. Clin Infect Dis. Apr 1996;22(4):611-5. [Medline].

12. Boustani MR, Lepore TJ, Gelfand JA, et al. Acute respiratory failure in patients treated for babesiosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Jun 1994;149(6):1689-91. [Medline].

13. Boustani MR, Lepore TJ, Gelfand JA, et al. Acute respiratory failure in patients treated for babesiosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Jun 1994;149(6):1689-91. [Medline].

14. Byrd RP Jr, Vasquez J, Roy TM. Respiratory manifestations of tick-borne diseases in the Southeastern United States. South Med J. Jan 1997;90(1):1-4. [Medline].

15. Cunha BA. Antibiotic Essentials. Royal Oak, Mich: Physicians Press; 2006.

16. Cunha BA, Nausheen S, Szalda D. Pulmonary complications of babesiosis: case report and literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. Jul 2007;26(7):505-8. [Medline].

17. Dodd JD, Aquino SL, Sharma A. Babesiosis: CT and hematologic findings. J Thorac Imaging. Aug 2007;22(3):271-3. [Medline].

18. Falagas ME, Klempner MS. Babesiosis in patients with AIDS: a chronic infection presenting as fever of unknown origin. Clin Infect Dis. May 1996;22(5):809-12. [Medline].

19. Feldman RM, Singer C. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and pulmonary fibrosis in falciparum malaria. Rev Infect Dis. Jan-Feb 1987;9(1):134-9. [Medline].

20. Gordon S, Cordon RA, Mazdzer EJ, et al. Adult respiratory distress syndrome in babesiosis. Chest. Oct 1984;86(4):633-4. [Medline].

21. Gorenflot A, Moubri K, Precigout E, et al. Human babesiosis. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. Jun 1998;92(4):489-501. [Medline].

22. Healy GR, Ruebush TK 2nd. Morphology of Babesia microti in human blood smears. Am J Clin Pathol. Jan 1980;73(1):107-9. [Medline].

23. Horowitz ML, Coletta F, Fein AM. Delayed onset adult respiratory distress syndrome in babesiosis. Chest. Oct 1994;106(4):1299-301. [Medline].

24. Hughes WT, Oz HS. Successful prevention and treatment of babesiosis with atovaquone. J Infect Dis. Oct 1995;172(4):1042-6. [Medline].

25. Kim N, Rosenbaum GS, Cunha BA. Relative bradycardia and lymphopenia in patients with babesiosis. Clin Infect Dis. May 1998;26(5):1218-9. [Medline].

26. Krause PJ, Gewurz BE, Hill D, Marty FM, Vannier E, Foppa IM, et al. Persistent and relapsing babesiosis in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis. Feb 1 2008;46(3):370-6. [Medline].

27. Krause PJ, Ryan R, Telford S 3rd, et al. Efficacy of immunoglobulin M serodiagnostic test for rapid diagnosis of acute babesiosis. J Clin Microbiol. Aug 1996;34(8):2014-6. [Medline].

28. Krause PJ, Telford SR 3rd, Ryan R, et al. Diagnosis of babesiosis: evaluation of a serologic test for the detection of Babesia microti antibody. J Infect Dis. Apr 1994;169(4):923-6. [Medline].

29. Lermi A, Cunha BA. Babesiosis. Infect Dis Pract. 1998;22:12-4.

30. Loa CC, Adelson ME, Mordechai E, et al. Serological diagnosis of human babesiosis by IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Curr Microbiol. Dec 2004;49(6):385-9. [Medline].

31. Mattia AR, Waldron MA, Sierra LS. Use of the Quantitative Buffy Coat system for detection of parasitemia in patients with babesiosis. J Clin Microbiol. Oct 1993;31(10):2816-8. [Medline].

32. Parola P, Raoult D. Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. Clin Infect Dis. Mar 15 2001;32(6):897-928. [Medline].

33. Persing DH, Mathiesen D, Marshall WF, et al. Detection of Babesia microti by polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol. Aug 1992;30(8):2097-103. [Medline].

34. Poirel L, Marque S, Heritier C, et al. OXA-58, a novel class D {beta}-lactamase involved in resistance to carbapenems in Acinetobacter baumannii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. Jan 2005;49(1):202-8. [Medline].

35. Raju M, Salazar JC, Leopold H, et al. Atovaquone and azithromycin treatment for babesiosis in an infant. Pediatr Infect Dis J. Feb 2007;26(2):181-3. [Medline].

36. Raoult D, Soulayrol L, Toga B, et al. Babesiosis, pentamidine, and cotrimoxazole. Ann Intern Med. Dec 1987;107(6):944. [Medline].

37. Rosenbaum GS, Johnson DH, Cunha BA. Atypical lymphocytosis in babesiosis. Clin Infect Dis. Jan 1995;20(1):203-4. [Medline].

38. Shaio MF, Yang KD. Response of babesiosis to a combined regimen of quinine and azithromycin. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Mar-Apr 1997;91(2):214-5. [Medline].

39. Sharan KP, Krause PJ. Babesiosis. In: Cunha BA, ed. Tickborne Infectious Diseases. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker; 2000:111-20.

40. Shih CM, Wang CC. Ability of azithromycin in combination with quinine for the elimination of babesial infection in humans. Am J Trop Med Hyg. Oct 1998;59(4):509-12. [Medline].

41. Sun T, Chess Q, Tanenbaum B. Morphologic criteria for the identification of Pneumocystis carinii in Papanicolaou-stained preparations. Acta Cytol. Jan-Feb 1986;30(1):80-2. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

babesiosis, Babesia, Babesia infection, Babesia microti, B microti, Babesia divergens, B divergens, Ixodes, Ixodes scapularis, I scapularis, Ixodes dammini, I dammini, Babesia bigemina, B bigemina, Babesia bovis, B bovis, Babesia major, B major, Babesia equi, B equi, Babesia canis, B canis, Babesia felis, B felis, Babesia microti, B microti, tick-borne infection, tick disease, tickborne illness, tick-borne illness, tick infection, malaria, Lyme disease, protozoan infection, Ixodidae, Texas cattle fever

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Burke A Cunha, MD, Professor of Medicine, State University of New York School of Medicine at Stony Brook; Chief, Infectious Disease Division, Winthrop-University Hospital
Burke A Cunha, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, and Infectious Diseases Society of America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC, Professor and Head, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; Site Director, Respiratory Medicine, St Boniface General Hospital
Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Thoracic Society, Canadian Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Royal Society of Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and World Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Om Prakash Sharma, MD, FRCP, FCCP, DTM&H, Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
Om Prakash Sharma, MD, FRCP, FCCP, DTM&H is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, American Osler Society, American Thoracic Society, New York Academy of Medicine, and Royal Society of Medicine
Disclosure: Keck School of Medicine, USC None None

CME Editor

Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD, Clinical and Research Fellow, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital
Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Physicians, American Society for Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases Society of America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Michael Stuart Bronze, MD, Professor, Stewart G Wolf Chair in Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center
Michael Stuart Bronze, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, Association of Professors of Medicine, Association of Program Directors in Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Oklahoma State Medical Association, and Southern Society for Clinical Investigation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.