Cardiobacterium Clinical Presentation
- Author: Kerry O Cleveland, MD; Chief Editor: Michael Stuart Bronze, MD more...
History
The clinical course of C hominis endocarditis tends to be subacute. In a published series, the mean duration of symptoms was 169 days; however, this may reflect the difficulty in growing C hominis in older blood culture systems. In this same series, 44% of patients had a history of a dental procedure or oral infection.[1]
Physical
Common findings in Cardiobacterium infections include the following:
- Fever (86%)
- Splenomegaly (59%)
- Peripheral embolic phenomenon (44%)
- Petechiae (41%)
- Clubbing (19%)
Causes
Bacteremia with C hominis endocarditis usually occurs in the setting of pre-existing structural heart disease or a prosthetic heart valve. Many patients have a history of a recent dental procedure or poor dentition.
Wormser GP, Bottone EJ. Cardiobacterium hominis: review of microbiologic and clinical features. Rev Infect Dis. Jul-Aug 1983;5(4):680-91. [Medline].
Wilson W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, Lockhart PB, Baddour LM, Levison M, et al. Prevention of Infective Endocarditis. Guidelines From the American Heart Association. A Guideline From the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. Apr 19 2007;[Medline].
Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, Fowler VG Jr, Bolger AF, Levison ME, et al. Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Circulation. Jun 14 2005;111(23):e394-434. [Medline].
Berbari EF, Cockerill FR 3rd, Steckelberg JM. Infective endocarditis due to unusual or fastidious microorganisms. Mayo Clin Proc. Jun 1997;72(6):532-42. [Medline].
Elliott TS, Foweraker J, Gould FK, Perry JD, Sandoe JA. Guidelines for the antibiotic treatment of endocarditis in adults: report of the Working Party of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. Dec 2004;54(6):971-81. [Medline].
Horstkotte D, Follath F, Gutschik E, Lengyel M, Oto A, Pavie A, et al. Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis executive summary; the task force on infective endocarditis of the European society of cardiology. Eur Heart J. Feb 2004;25(3):267-76. [Medline].
Le Quellec A, Bessis D, Perez C, Ciurana AJ. Endocarditis due to beta-lactamase-producing Cardiobacterium hominis. Clin Infect Dis. Nov 1994;19(5):994-5. [Medline].
Nerard JL, Snydman DR. Miscellaneous gram-negative bacilli: Acinetobacter, Cardiobacterium, Actinobacillus, Chromobacterium, Capnocytophaga, and others. In: Gorbach SL, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR. Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1992:1543-55.
Nurnberger M, Treadwell T, Lin B, Weintraub A. Pacemaker lead infection and vertebral osteomyelitis presumed due to Cardiobacterium hominis. Clin Infect Dis. Oct 1998;27(4):890-1. [Medline].
Silver SE. Ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the superior mesenteric artery that was due to cardiobacterium endocarditis. Clin Infect Dis. Dec 1999;29(6):1573-4. [Medline].
Wilson WR, Karchmer AW, Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Bayer A, Kaye D, et al. Antibiotic treatment of adults with infective endocarditis due to streptococci, enterococci, staphylococci, and HACEK microorganisms. American Heart Association. JAMA. Dec 6 1995;274(21):1706-13. [Medline].
Print
