Human Papillomavirus: Multimedia

References

1. Bosch FX, Manos MM, Muñoz N, Sherman M, Jansen AM, Peto J, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective. International biological study on cervical cancer (IBSCC) Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. Jun 7 1995;87(11):796-802. [Medline].

2. Parkin DM, Bray F. Chapter 2: The burden of HPV-related cancers. Vaccine. Aug 31 2006;24 Suppl 3:S3/11-25. [Medline].

3. Sankaranarayanan R, Nene BM, Shastri SS, Jayant K, Muwonge R, Budukh AM, et al. HPV screening for cervical cancer in rural India. N Engl J Med. Apr 2 2009;360(14):1385-94. [Medline].

4. Schiffman M, Wacholder S. From India to the world--a better way to prevent cervical cancer. N Engl J Med. Apr 2 2009;360(14):1453-5. [Medline].

5. Dunne EF, Unger ER, Sternberg M, McQuillan G, Swan DC, Patel SS, et al. Prevalence of HPV infection among females in the United States. JAMA. Feb 28 2007;297(8):813-9. [Medline].

6. Haug CJ. Human papillomavirus vaccination--reasons for caution. N Engl J Med. Aug 21 2008;359(8):861-2. [Medline].

7. Kim JJ, Goldie SJ. Health and economic implications of HPV vaccination in the United States. N Engl J Med. Aug 21 2008;359(8):821-32. [Medline].

8. Quadrivalent vaccine against human papillomavirus to prevent high-grade cervical lesions. N Engl J Med. May 10 2007;356(19):1915-27. [Medline].

9. Markowitz LE, Dunne EF, Saraiya M, Lawson HW, Chesson H, Unger ER. Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. Mar 23 2007;56:1-24. [Medline].

10. [Guideline] Saslow D, Castle PE, Cox JT, Davey DD, Einstein MH, Ferris DG. American Cancer Society Guideline for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine use to prevent cervical cancer and its precursors. CA Cancer J Clin. Jan-Feb 2007;57(1):7-28. [Medline].

11. Alani RM, Munger K. Human papillomaviruses and associated malignancies. J Clin Oncol. Jan 1998;16(1):330-7. [Medline].

12. Balaram P, Nalinakumari KR, Abraham E. Human papillomaviruses in 91 oral cancers from Indian betel quid chewers--high prevalence and multiplicity of infections. Int J Cancer. May 16 1995;61(4):450-4. [Medline].

13. Barrasso R, De Brux J, Croissant O. High prevalence of papillomavirus-associated penile intraepithelial neoplasia in sexual partners of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. N Engl J Med. Oct 8 1987;317(15):916-23. [Medline].

14. Beutner KR, Ferenczy A. Therapeutic approaches to genital warts. Am J Med. May 5 1997;102(5A):28-37. [Medline].

15. Beutner KR, Tyring S. Human papillomavirus and human disease. Am J Med. May 5 1997;102(5A):9-15. [Medline].

16. Bonnez W, Reichman RC. Papillomaviruses. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone; 1990:1387-1400.

17. Boshart M, zur Hausen H. Human papillomaviruses in Buschke-Lowenstein tumors: physical state of the DNA and identification of a tandem duplication in the noncoding region of a human papillomavirus 6 subtype. J Virol. Jun 1986;58(3):963-6. [Medline].

18. Butterworth CE. Effect of folate on cervical cancer. Synergism among risk factors. Ann N Y Acad Sci. Sep 30 1992;669:293-9. [Medline].

19. [Guideline] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998 guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. Jan 23 1998;47(RR-1):1-111. [Medline].

20. Chan CC, Chiu HC. Images in clinical medicine. Vestibular papillomatosis. N Engl J Med. Apr 3 2008;358(14):1495. [Medline].

21. Cooper K. Human papillomavirus DNA sequences in esophagus squamous cell carcinoma. Gastroenterology. Jul 1994;107(1):128-36. [Medline].

22. Cubilla AL, Reuter VE, Gregoire L. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma: a distinctive human papilloma virus- related penile neoplasm: a report of 20 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. Jun 1998;22(6):755-61. [Medline].

23. Cupp MR, Malek RS, Goellner JR. The detection of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in intraepithelial, in situ, verrucous and invasive carcinoma of the penis. J Urol. Sep 1995;154(3):1024-9. [Medline].

24. Djurdjevic S, Devaja O, Hadzic B. Malignant potential of gigantic condylomatous lesions of the vulva. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 1999;20(1):63-6. [Medline].

25. Ferenczy A, Mitao M, Nagai N. Latent papillomavirus and recurring genital warts. N Engl J Med. Sep 26 1985;313(13):784-8. [Medline].

26. Girardi F, Pickel H, Beyer-Finkler E. Specific rearrangements of human papillomavirus DNA provide molecular evidence for genetic heterogeneity of primary cervical cancers, recurrences, and lymph node metastases in two patients. Gynecol Oncol. Nov 1993;51(2):281-6. [Medline].

27. Greenlee RT, Hill-Harmon MB, Murray T. Cancer statistics, 2001. CA Cancer J Clin. Jan-Feb 2001;51(1):15-36. [Medline].

28. Harwood CA, McGregor JM, Proby CM. Human papillomavirus and the development of non-melanoma skin cancer. J Clin Pathol. Apr 1999;52(4):249-53. [Medline].

29. Hippelainen M, Syrjanen S, Hippelainen M. Prevalence and risk factors of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in healthy males: a study on Finnish conscripts. Sex Transm Dis. Nov-Dec 1993;20(6):321-8. [Medline].

30. Indinnimeo M, Cicchini C, Stazi A. Human papillomavirus infection and p53 nuclear overexpression in anal canal carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. Mar 1999;18(1):47-52. [Medline].

31. Kotloff KL, Wasserman SS, Russ K. Detection of genital human papillomavirus and associated cytological abnormalities among college women. Sex Transm Dis. May 1998;25(5):243-50. [Medline].

32. Koutsky LA, Kiviat NB. Genital human papillomavirus. In: Holmes KK, Mardh PA, Sparling P, et al, eds. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 3^rd ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1999:347-359.

33. Krowchuk DP. Warts and molluscum contagiosum. In: Burg FD, Ingelfinger JR, Wald ER, Polin RA. eds. Gellis & Kagan's Current Pediatric Therapy. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1999:970-3.

34. Laurent R, Kienzler JL. Epidemiology of HPV infections. Clin Dermatol. Oct-Dec 1985;3(4):64-70. [Medline].

35. Lowy DR, Androphy EJ. Warts. In: Fitzpatrick TB, Eisen AZ, Wolff K et al, eds. Dermatology in General Medicine. 4^th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 1993:2611-21.

36. [Best Evidence] Lu B, Wu Y, Nielson CM, Flores R, Abrahamsen M, Papenfuss M, et al. Factors associated with acquisition and clearance of human papillomavirus infection in a cohort of US men: a prospective study. J Infect Dis. Feb 1 2009;199(3):362-71. [Medline].

37. Majewski S, Jablonska S. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis as a model of human papillomavirus-induced genetic cancer of the skin. Arch Dermatol. Nov 1995;131(11):1312-8. [Medline].

38. Mineta H, Ogino T, Amano HM. Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 and 18 detected in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Anticancer Res. Nov-Dec 1998;18(6B):4765-8. [Medline].

39. Mitsuishi T, Sata T, Iwasaki T. The detection of human papillomavirus 16 DNA in erythroplasia of Queyrat invading the urethra. Br J Dermatol. Jan 1998;138(1):188-9. [Medline].

40. Papadopoulou K, Labropoulou V, Davaris P. Detection of human papillomaviruses in squamous cell carcinomas of the lung. Virchows Arch. Jul 1998;433(1):49-54. [Medline].

41. Perez CA, Young RC, Hoskins WJ. Pathogenesis and diagnosis of preinvasive lesions of the lower genital tract. In: Wright TC, Richart RM, eds. Principles & Practice of Gynecologic Oncology. 3^rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1997:675-715.

42. Prokopczyk B, Cox JE, Hoffmann D. Identification of tobacco-specific carcinogen in the cervical mucus of smokers and nonsmokers. J Natl Cancer Inst. Jun 18 1997;89(12):868-73. [Medline].

43. Rimell FL, Shoemaker DL, Pou AM. Pediatric respiratory papillomatosis: prognostic role of viral typing and cofactors. Laryngoscope. Jul 1997;107(7):915-8. [Medline].

44. Rose PG, Stoler MH, Abdul-Karim FW. Papillary squamotransitional cell carcinoma of the vagina. Int J Gynecol Pathol. Oct 1998;17(4):372-5. [Medline].

45. Rothman KF, Bernhard JD. Warts. In: Gorbach SL, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR, eds. Infectious Diseases. 2^nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1998:1329-33.

46. Rubben A, Kalka K, Spelten B. Clinical features and age distribution of patients with HPV 2/27/57- induced common warts. Arch Dermatol Res. May 1997;289(6):337-40. [Medline].

47. Rubin SC. Cervical cancer: successes and failures. CA Cancer J Clin. Mar-Apr 2001;51(2):89-91. [Medline].

48. Saranath D, Tandle AT, Teni TR. p53 inactivation in chewing tobacco-induced oral cancers and leukoplakias from India. Oral Oncol. May 1999;35(3):242-50. [Medline].

49. [Best Evidence] Serati M, Uccella S, Laterza RM, Salvatore S, Beretta P, Riva C, et al. Natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia during pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008;87(12):1296-300. [Medline].

50. Shah K, Kashima H, Polk BF. Rarity of cesarean delivery in cases of juvenile-onset respiratory papillomatosis. Obstet Gynecol. Dec 1986;68(6):795-9. [Medline].

51. Shah KV. Human papillomaviruses (including wart viruses). In: Gorbach SL, Bartlett JG, Blacklow NR, eds. Infectious Diseases. 2^nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1998:2099-103.

52. Shepherd J, Weston R, Peersman G. Interventions for encouraging sexual lifestyles and behaviours intended to prevent cervical cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001035. [Medline].

53. Silverberg E, Boring CC, Squires TS. Cancer Statistics, 1990. CA A Cancer J for Clinicians. 1990;40:9-26. [Medline].

54. Soderlund-Strand A, Rymark P, Andersson P. Comparison between the Hybrid Capture II test and a PCR-based human papillomavirus detection method for diagnosis and posttreatment follow-up of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. J Clin Microbiol. Jul 2005;43(7):3260-6. [Full Text].

55. Sonnex C. Human papillomavirus infection with particular reference to genital disease. J Clin Pathol. Sep 1998;51(9):643-8. [Medline].

56. Tenti P, Zappatore R, Migliora P. Perinatal transmission of human papillomavirus from gravidas with latent infections. Obstet Gynecol. Apr 1999;93(4):475-9. [Medline].

57. Theunis A, Andre J, Noel JC. Evaluation of the role of genital human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of ungual squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatology. 1999;198(2):206-8. [Medline].

58. Walboomers JM, Jacobs MV, Manos MM. Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. J Pathol. Sep 1999;189(1):12-9. [Medline].

59. [Guideline] Wright TC, Cox JT, Massad LS, et al. 2001 Consensus Guidelines for the management of women with cervical cytological abnormalities. JAMA. Apr 24 2002;287(16):2120-9. [Medline].

60. [Guideline] Wright TC, Cox JT, Massad LS, et al. 2001 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jul 2003;189(1):295-304. [Medline]. [Full Text].

61. Ye Z, Thomas DB, Ray RM. Combined oral contraceptives and risk of cervical carcinoma in situ. WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives. Int J Epidemiol. Feb 1995;24(1):19-26. [Medline].

Further Reading

Additional resources on human papillomavirus are available at Medscape's HPV and Cervical Cancer Resource Center.

Clinical trials

Effectiveness, Safety and Immunogenicity of GSK Biologicals' HPV Vaccine GSK580299 Administered in Healthy Adolescents.

Immunogenicity to Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (Gardasil) Among IBD Patients on Immunosuppressive Therapy (HPV)

Pilot Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Gardasil Against the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) in HIV-infected Men (MIRB #862)

Immunogenicity and Safety of GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals' HPV Vaccine 580299 in Healthy Females 10 - 25 Years of Age.

Keywords

human papillomavirus, HPV, wart virus, cervical cancer, human papilloma virus, epithelial tumors, anogenital warts, mucosal warts, nongenital cutaneous warts, epidermodysplasia verruciformis, EV, sexually transmitted disease, STD, squamous intraepithelial lesions, SIL

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Peter A Gearhart, MD, Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Peter A Gearhart, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Disclosure: Schering Plough Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Coauthor(s)

Thomas C Randall, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Thomas C Randall, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Cancer Research, American Association for the Advancement of Science, and American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Roland Michael Buckley, Jr, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Consultant, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Pennsylvania Hospital
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Mary Nettleman, MD, MS, Chair, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University
Mary Nettleman, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, Association of Professors of Medicine, Central Society for Clinical Research, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and Society of General Internal Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Ronald A Greenfield, MD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine
Ronald A Greenfield, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, American Society for Microbiology, Central Society for Clinical Research, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Medical Mycology Society of the Americas, Phi Beta Kappa, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation, and Southwestern Association of Clinical Microbiology
Disclosure: Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Gilead Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Ortho McNeil Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Wyeth Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Abbott Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Astellas Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Cubist  Speaking and teaching

CME Editor

Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD, Clinical and Research Fellow, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital
Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Physicians, American Society for Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases Society of America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Burke A Cunha, MD, Professor of Medicine, State University of New York School of Medicine at Stony Brook; Chief, Infectious Disease Division, Winthrop-University Hospital
Burke A Cunha, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, and Infectious Diseases Society of America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.