Pneumococcal Infections: Multimedia

References

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3. Musher DM. Streptococcus pneumoniae. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 2. 6th. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Elsevier, Churchill Livingstone; 2005:197.

4. WHO Initiative for Vaccine Research Division. Acute Respiratory Infections, Streptococcus pneumoniae. World Health Organization (WHO). Available at http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/diseases/ari/en/index5.html#vaccine.

5. Eskola J, Black S, Shinefield H. Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA. Vaccines. 4th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Inc; 2004:23.

6. Scott JA. The preventable burden of pneumococcal disease in the developing world. Vaccine. Mar 22 2007;25(13):2398-405. [Medline].

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12. Bradley JS, Kaplan SL, Tan TQ, Barson WJ, Arditi M, Schutze GE, et al. Pediatric pneumococcal bone and joint infections. The Pediatric Multicenter Pneumococcal Surveillance Study Group (PMPSSG). Pediatrics. Dec 1998;102(6):1376-82. [Medline].

13. van de Beek D, de Gans J, McIntyre P, Prasad K. Steroids in adults with acute bacterial meningitis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. Mar 2004;4(3):139-43. [Medline].

14. Committee on Infectious Diseases; American Academy of Pediatrics. Pneumococcal Infections. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Long SS, McMillan JA. Red Book 2006 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 27th. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2006:525-37.

15. Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) Report; Emerging Infections Program Network; Streptococcus pneumoniae [database online]. CDC website: CDC; Jan 2005. Updated 2004.

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23. Kaplan SL, Mason EO Jr, Wald ER, Schutze GE, Bradley JS, Tan TQ, et al. Decrease of invasive pneumococcal infections in children among 8 children's hospitals in the United States after the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Pediatrics. Mar 2004;113(3 Pt 1):443-9. [Medline].

24. Singleton RJ, Hennessy TW, Bulkow LR, Hammitt LL, Zulz T, Hurlburt DA, et al. Invasive pneumococcal disease caused by nonvaccine serotypes among alaska native children with high levels of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage. JAMA. Apr 25 2007;297(16):1784-92. [Medline].

25. Grau I, Pallares R, Tubau F, Schulze MH, Llopis F, Podzamczer D, et al. Epidemiologic changes in bacteremic pneumococcal disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Arch Intern Med. Jul 11 2005;165(13):1533-40. [Medline].

26. American Academy of Pediatrics/American Academy of Family Physicians. Clinical Practice Guideline: Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media. www.aafp.org. Available at http://www.aafp.org/online/etc/medialib/aafp_org/documents/clinical/clin_recs/otitismedia.Par.0001.File.dat/final_aom.pdf. Accessed March 2004.

27. Donowitz GR, Mandell GL. Acute Pneumonia. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseses. (1). 5^th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone; 2000:717-43.

28. Prevention of pneumococcal disease: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. Apr 4 1997;46:1-24. [Medline].

Further Reading

For additional information, see Medscape's Pneumonia Resource Center, Otitis Media Resource Center, and Sepsis Resource Center.

Keywords

Streptococcus pneumoniae, S pneumoniae, pneumococcus , pneumococci, upper respiratory tract disease, lower respiratory tract disease, upper respiratory disease, lower respiratory disease, respiratory disease, community-acquired pneumonia, CAP, pneumonia, lung infection, respiratory infection, pneumococcal disease, otitis media, pharyngeal infection, nosocomial pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, broncho-pneumonia, meningitis, tracheobronchitis, acute sinusitis, sinusitis, pneumococcal sepsis, pneumococcal pneumonia, pneumococcal conjunctivitis, pneumococcal otitis media, pneumococcal sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, AECB, pneumococcal meningitis, pneumococcal bacteremia, pneumococcal joint infection, pneumococcal bone infection, pneumococcal soft tissue infection, pneumococcal osteomyelitis, pneumococcal peritonitis, pneumococcal endocarditis, pneumococcal pericarditis, pneumococcal septic arthritis

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Dawn F Muench, MD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences; Fellow in Pediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, National Capital Consortium, Walter Reed Army Medical Center
Dawn F Muench, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Infectious Diseases Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Michael Rajnik, MD, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Acting Program Director, Pediatric Infectious Disease Fellowship Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
Michael Rajnik, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Infectious Diseases Society, Infectious Diseases Society of America, and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Thomas Herchline, MD, Professor of Medicine, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine; Medical Director, Public Health, Dayton and Montgomery County, Ohio
Thomas Herchline, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American Society for Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases Society of America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Aaron Glatt, MD, Professor of Clinical Medicine, New York Medical College; President and CEO, Former Chief Medical Officer, Departments of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, New Island Hospital
Aaron Glatt, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, American Thoracic Society, American Venereal Disease Association, Infectious Diseases Society of America, International AIDS Society, and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD, Clinical and Research Fellow, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital
Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Physicians, American Society for Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases Society of America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Burke A Cunha, MD, Professor of Medicine, State University of New York School of Medicine at Stony Brook; Chief, Infectious Disease Division, Winthrop-University Hospital
Burke A Cunha, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, and Infectious Diseases Society of America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.