Poxviruses Differential Diagnoses

Author: John D Shanley, MD, MPH; Chief Editor: Burke A Cunha, MD more...

Updated: Dec 5, 2011

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Differential Diagnoses

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

John D Shanley, MD, MPH Professor Emeritus, University of Connecticut; Professor of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medical Center

John D Shanley, MD, MPH is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Society for Microbiology, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, and Infectious Diseases Society of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Larry I Lutwick, MD Professor of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical School; Director, Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Health Care System, Brooklyn Campus

Larry I Lutwick, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians and Infectious Diseases Society of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Charles V Sanders, MD Edgar Hull Professor and Chairman, Department of Internal Medicine, Professor of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine at New Orleans; Medical Director, Medicine Hospital Center, Charity Hospital and Medical Center of Louisiana at New Orleans; Consulting Staff, Ochsner Medical Center

Charles V Sanders, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics, Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of University Professors, American Clinical and Climatological Association, American College of Physician Executives, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, American Foundation for AIDS Research, American Geriatrics Society, American Lung Association, American Medical Association, American Society for Microbiology, American Thoracic Society, American Venereal Disease Association, Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Association of American Medical Colleges, Association of American Physicians, Association of Professors of Medicine, Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Louisiana State Medical Society, Orleans Parish Medical Society, Royal Society of Medicine, Sigma Xi, Society of General Internal Medicine, Southeastern Clinical Club, Southern Medical Association, Southern Society for Clinical Investigation, and Southwestern Association of Clinical Microbiology

Disclosure: Baxter International and Johnson & Johnson Royalty Other

Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD Clinical and Research Fellow, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital

Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American College of Physicians, American Society for Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases Society of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Burke A Cunha, MD Professor of Medicine, State University of New York School of Medicine at Stony Brook; Chief, Infectious Disease Division, Winthrop-University Hospital

Burke A Cunha, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, and Infectious Diseases Society of America

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

References

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Kile JC, Fleischauer AT, Beard B, et al. Transmission of monkeypox among persons exposed to infected prairie dogs in Indiana in 2003. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. Nov 2005;159(11):1022-5. [Medline].
De Clercq E, Neyts J. Therapeutic potential of nucleoside/nucleotide analogues against poxvirus infections. Rev Med Virol. Sep-Oct 2004;14(5):289-300. [Medline].
Meadows KP, Tyring SK, Pavia AT, et al. Resolution of recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum virus lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with cidofovir. Arch Dermatol. Aug 1997;133(8):987-90. [Medline].
Ibarra V, Blanco JR, Oteo JA, et al. Efficacy of cidofovir in the treatment of recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum in an AIDS patient. Acta Derm Venereol. Jul-Aug 2000;80(4):315-6. [Medline].
Geerinck K, Lukito G, Snoeck R, et al. A case of human orf in an immunocompromised patient treated successfully with cidofovir cream. J Med Virol. Aug 2001;64(4):543-9. [Medline].
Baxby D, Bennett M. Poxvirus zoonoses. J Med Microbiol. Jan 1997;46(1):17-20, 28-33. [Medline].
Di Giulio DB, Eckburg PB. Human monkeypox: an emerging zoonosis. Lancet Infect Dis. Jan 2004;4(1):15-25. [Medline].
Fenner F. Adventures with poxviruses of vertebrates. FEMS Microbiol Rev. Apr 2000;24(2):123-33. [Medline].
Fenner F. Poxviruses. In: Richman D, Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, eds. Clinical Virology. ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 1996:357-74.
Fenner F, Henderson DH, Arita I, et al. Smallpox and its eradication. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.; 1988.
Henderson DA, Inglesby TV, Bartlett JG, et al. Smallpox as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. Working Group on Civilian Biodefense. JAMA. Jun 9 1999;281(22):2127-37. [Medline].
Henderson DH, Moss B. Smallpox and vaccinia. In: Plotkin S, Orenstein WA, eds. Vaccines. 3rd. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders; 1999:74-97.
Lewis-Jones S. Zoonotic poxvirus infections in humans. Curr Opin Infect Dis. Apr 2004;17(2):81-9. [Medline].
Perna AG, Tyring SK. A review of the dermatologic manifestations of poxvirus infections. Dermatol Clin. Apr 2002;20(2):343-6. [Medline].
Slifka MK, Hanifin JM. Smallpox: the basics. Dermatol Clin. Jul 2004;22(3):263-74, vi. [Medline].

Poxviruses. Following vaccination for smallpox, this patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed vaccinia gangrenosum.

Poxviruses. Following vaccination for smallpox, a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia developed vaccinia gangrenosum. The lesion was on the left shoulder. As the lesion progressed, the patient also developed evidence of dissemination. This image shows a vaccinia pustule on the foot.

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