Vascular Malformations of the Spinal Cord: Multimedia

References

1. Anson JA, Spetzler RF. Interventional neuroradiology for spinal pathology. Clin Neurosurg. 1992;39:388-417. [Medline].

2. Kendall BE, Loque V. Spinal epidural angiomatous malformations draining into intrathecal veins. Neuroradiology. 1977;13:181-189.

3. Veznedaroglu E, Nelson PK, Jabbour PM, Rosenwasser RH. Endovascular treatment of spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. Nov 2006;59(5 Suppl 3):S202-9; discussion S3-13. [Medline].

4. Clarke MJ, Patrick TA, White JB, et al. Spinal extradural arteriovenous malformations with parenchymal drainage: venous drainage variability and implications in clinical manifestations. Neurosurg Focus. Jan 2009;26(1):E5. [Medline].

5. Criscuolo GR, Oldfield EH, Doppman JL. Reversible acute and subacute myelopathy in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas. Foix-Alajouanine syndrome reconsidered. J Neurosurg. Mar 1989;70(3):354-9. [Medline].

6. Kenning TJ, Deshaies EM, Adamo MA, Waldman JB, Boulos AS. Onyx embolization of a thoracolumbar perimedullary spinal arteriovenous fistula in an infant presenting with subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage. J Neurosurg Pediatr. Mar 2009;3(3):211-4. [Medline].

7. Krauss WE. Vascular anatomy of the spinal cord. Neurosurg Clin N Am. Jan 1999;10(1):9-15. [Medline].

8. Morgan MK. Outcome from treatment for spinal arteriovenous malformation. Neurosurg Clin N Am. Jan 1999;10(1):113-9. [Medline].

9. Niimi Y, Berenstein A. Endovascular treatment of spinal vascular malformations. Neurosurg Clin N Am. Jan 1999;10(1):47-71. [Medline].

10. Niimi Y, Berenstein A, Setton A, Neophytides A. Embolization of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulae: results and follow-up. Neurosurgery. Apr 1997;40(4):675-82; discussion 682-3. [Medline].

11. Oldfield EH, Doppman JL. Spinal arteriovenous malformations. Clin Neurosurg. 1988;34:161-83. [Medline].

12. Rodesch G, Hurth M, Alvarez H, Ducot B, Tadie M, Lasjaunias P. Angio-architecture of spinal cord arteriovenous shunts at presentation. Clinical correlations in adults and children. The Bicêtre experience on 155 consecutive patients seen between 1981-1999. Acta Neurochir (Wien). Mar 2004;146(3):217-26; discussion 226-7. [Medline].

13. Song JK, Vinuela F, Gobin YP, et al. Surgical and endovascular treatment of spinal dural arteriovenous fistulas: long-term disability assessment and prognostic factors. J Neurosurg. Apr 2001;94(2 Suppl):199-204. [Medline].

14. Symon L, Kuyama H, Kendall B. Dural arteriovenous malformations of the spine. Clinical features and surgical results in 55 cases. J Neurosurg. Feb 1984;60(2):238-47. [Medline].

15. Watson JC, Oldfield EH. The surgical management of spinal dural vascular malformations. Neurosurg Clin N Am. Jan 1999;10(1):73-87. [Medline].

16. Yamaguchi S, Eguchi K, Kiura Y, Takeda M, Nagayama T, Uchida H, et al. Multi-detector-row CT angiography as a preoperative evaluation for spinal arteriovenous fistulae. Neurosurg Rev. Oct 2007;30(4):321-6; discussion 327. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

vascular malformations of the spinal cord, spinal cord vascular malformations, arterial venous malformations of the spinal cord, arterial venous fistulas of the spinal cord, dural spinal arterial venous fistula, AVF, dural spinal arterial venous malformation, AVM, spinal cord malformation, spinal cord deformity, arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, spinal arteriovenous malformation, spinal arteriovenous fistula, glomus AVM, spinal vascular malformation, spinal dural fistula, intradural AVM, dural AVF

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

James S Harrop, MD, Associate Professor, Departments of Neurological and Orthopedic Surgery, Jefferson Medical College
James S Harrop, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Surgeons, American Spinal Injury Association, Cervical Spine Research Society, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, and North American Spine Society
Disclosure: Depuy spine Consulting fee Consulting; Medtronic Consulting fee Consulting; stryker spine Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Coauthor(s)

Pascal M Jabbour, MD, Cerebrovascular Fellowship, Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
Pascal M Jabbour, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Congress of Neurological Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Gregory J Przybylski, MD, Professor of Neurological Surgery, Seton Hall University, School of Graduate Medical Education; Director of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, JFK Medical Center
Gregory J Przybylski, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American Medical Association, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, and North American Spine Society
Disclosure: DepuySpine Consulting fee Speaking and teaching; United HealthCare Consulting fee Consulting; Humana Consulting fee Consulting; Coding Institute Honoraria Independent contractor

Medical Editor

Paul L Penar, MD, Professor, Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Vermont School of Medicine
Paul L Penar, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and Congress of Neurological Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Allen R Wyler, MD, Former Medical Director, Northstar Neuroscience, Inc
Allen R Wyler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and Society of Neurological Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Paolo Zamboni, MD, Professor of Surgery, Chief of Day Surgery Unit, Chair of Vascular Diseases Center, University of Ferrara, Italy
Paolo Zamboni, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Venous Forum and New York Academy of Sciences
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Allen R Wyler, MD, Former Medical Director, Northstar Neuroscience, Inc
Allen R Wyler, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgeons, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, and Society of Neurological Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.