Corpus Luteum Cyst Rupture
- Author: Charles J Ascher-Walsh, MD; Chief Editor: Richard Scott Lucidi, MD more...
Background
A ruptured corpus luteum cyst is a common phenomenon, with presentation ranging from no symptoms to symptoms mimicking an acute abdomen.[1] Sequelae vary. Resolution may be spontaneous (most often), or possibly, intraperitoneal hemorrhage and death may occur.[2] Although most patients require only observation, some need laparoscopy or laparotomy to achieve hemostasis.
The etiology of a ruptured corpus luteum cyst remains unknown, but risk factors include abdominal trauma and anticoagulation therapy.[3] The condition most commonly occurs in women aged 18-35 years (peak reproductive years).
See also the Medscape Reference article Ovarian Cysts.
Pathophysiology
Each month, a mature ovarian follicle ruptures, releasing an ovum so the process of fertilization can begin. Occasionally, this rupture site may bleed, causing abdominal pain and signs of hemorrhage. The etiology of this increased bleeding is unknown, although abdominal trauma and anticoagulation treatments may increase the risk.
Prognosis
Although circulatory collapse, hemorrhagic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and death have been reported, these are rare. Most cases are self-limiting, with abdominal pain relieved with analgesics.
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