Menorrhagia Differential Diagnoses
- Author: Julia A Shaw, MD, MBA, FACOG; Chief Editor: Michel E Rivlin, MD more...
Differential Diagnoses
- Abortion
- Adnexal Tumors
- Adrenal Adenoma
- Adrenal Carcinoma
- Anovulation
- Cervicitis
- Endometrial Carcinoma
- Endometritis
- Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Obesity
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
- Pituitary Microadenomas
- Pregnancy Diagnosis
- Uterine Cancer
- Vaginitis
HALLBERG L, NILSSON L. DETERMINATION OF MENSTRUAL BLOOD LOSS. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1964;16:244-8. [Medline].
Goldrath MH. Hysteroscopic endometrial ablation. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. Sep 1995;22(3):559-72. [Medline].
Fraser IS, Warner P, Marantos PA. Estimating menstrual blood loss in women with normal and excessive menstrual fluid volume. Obstet Gynecol. Nov 2001;98(5 Pt 1):806-14. [Medline].
Warner PE, Critchley HO, Lumsden MA, Campbell-Brown M, Douglas A, Murray GD. Menorrhagia I: measured blood loss, clinical features, and outcome in women with heavy periods: a survey with follow-up data. Am J Obstet Gynecol. May 2004;190(5):1216-23. [Medline].
Lentz GM. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby; 2007:915-932.
Wright RC. Hysterectomy: past, present, and future. Obstet Gynecol. Apr 1969;33(4):560-3. [Medline].
Wilansky DL, Greisman B. Early hypothyroidism in patients with menorrhagia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Mar 1989;160(3):673-7. [Medline].
Noorhasan DJ, Weiss G. Perimenarchal menorrhagia: evaluation and management. J Pediatr. Jan/2010;156 (1):162. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Glasser MH, Zimmerman JD. The HydroThermAblator system for management of menorrhagia in women with submucous myomas: 12- to 20-month follow-up. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. Nov 2003;10(4):521-7. [Medline].
Collins J, Schlesselman H. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Endometrial Cancer. In: Lobo R. Treatment of the Postmenopausal Woman. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins; 1999.
[Guideline] James AH, Kouides PA, Abdul-Kadir R, Edlund M, Federici AB, Halimeh S, et al. Von Willebrand disease and other bleeding disorders in women: Consensus on diagnosis and management from an international expert panel. Am J Obstet Gynecol. May 28 2009;[Medline].
Kadir RA, Economides DL, Sabin CA, et al. Frequency of inherited bleeding disorders in women with menorrhagia. Lancet. Feb 14 1998;351(9101):485-9. [Medline].
Dodson MG. Use of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosing the etiology of menometrorrhagia. J Reprod Med. May 1994;39(5):362-72. [Medline].
Dijkhuizen FP, Mol BW, Brölmann HA, Heintz AP. The accuracy of endometrial sampling in the diagnosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia: a meta-analysis. Cancer. Oct 15 2000;89(8):1765-72. [Medline].
Shaw RW. Assessment of medical treatments for menorrhagia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. Jul 1994;101 Suppl 11:15-8. [Medline].
Jurema M, Zacur H. Menorrhagia. UpToDate. Available at http://bit.ly/fHJVtw. Accessed March 29, 2009.
Fraser IS, McCarron G. Randomized trial of 2 hormonal and 2 prostaglandin-inhibiting agents in women with a complaint of menorrhagia. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. Feb 1991;31(1):66-70. [Medline].
Jensen JT, Parke S, Mellinger U, Machlitt A, Fraser IS. Effective treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding with estradiol valerate and dienogest: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. Apr 2011;117(4):777-87. [Medline].
Andersson JK, Rybo G. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in the treatment of menorrhagia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. Aug 1990;97(8):690-4. [Medline].
Rauramo I, Elo I, Istre O. Long-term treatment of menorrhagia with levonorgestrel intrauterine system versus endometrial resection. Obstet Gynecol. Dec 2004;104(6):1314-21. [Medline].
FDA Approves Intrauterine Device for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding. Available at http://bit.ly/eKOVjr.
[Best Evidence] Kaunitz AM, Bissonnette F, Monteiro I, Lukkari-Lax E, Muysers C, Jensen JT. Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system or medroxyprogesterone for heavy menstrual bleeding: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. Sep 2010;116(3):625-32. [Medline].
Lukes AS, Moore KA, Muse KN, Gersten JK, Hecht BR, Edlund M, et al. Tranexamic Acid Treatment for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. Oct 2010;116(4):865-875. [Medline].
DeCherney A, Polan ML. Hysteroscopic management of intrauterine lesions and intractable uterine bleeding. Obstet Gynecol. Mar 1983;61(3):392-7. [Medline].
Chullapram T, Song JY, Fraser IS. Medium-term follow-up of women with menorrhagia treated by rollerball endometrial ablation. Obstet Gynecol. Jul 1996;88(1):71-6. [Medline].
Meyer WR, Walsh BW, Grainger DA, et al. Thermal balloon and rollerball ablation to treat menorrhagia: a multicenter comparison. Obstet Gynecol. Jul 1998;92(1):98-103. [Medline].
Garza-Leal J, Pena A, Donovan A, et al. Clinical Evaluation of a Third-Generation Thermal Uterine Balloon Therapy System for Menorrhagia Coupled with Curettage. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. Jan 2010;17(1):82-90. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Goldrath MH. Evaluation of HydroThermAblator and rollerball endometrial ablation for menorrhagia 3 Years after treatment. J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc. Nov 2003;10(4):505-11. [Medline].
[Guideline] ACOG Practice Bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 81, May 2007. Obstet Gynecol. May 2007;109(5):1233-48. [Medline].
[Best Evidence] Lethaby A, Hickey M, Garry R. Endometrial destruction techniques for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Oct 19 2005;CD001501. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Lethaby A, Hickey M, Garry R, Penninx J. Endometrial resection / ablation techniques for heavy menstrual bleeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Oct 7 2009;CD001501. [Medline].
Learman LA, Summitt RL Jr, Varner RE, Richter HE, Lin F, Ireland CC. Hysterectomy versus expanded medical treatment for abnormal uterine bleeding: clinical outcomes in the medicine or surgery trial. Obstet Gynecol. May 2004;103(5 Pt 1):824-33. [Medline].
Showstack J, Lin F, Learman LA, Vittinghoff E, Kuppermann M, Varner RE. Randomized trial of medical treatment versus hysterectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding: resource use in the Medicine or Surgery (Ms) trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Feb 2006;194(2):332-8. [Medline].
Roberts TE, Tsourapas A, Middleton LJ, et al. Hysterectomy, endometrial ablation, and levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (Mirena) for treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding: cost effectiveness analysis. BMJ. Apr 26 2011;342:d2202. [Medline]. [Full Text].

