eMedicine Specialties > Obstetrics and Gynecology > Gynecologic Surgery

Conization of Cervix: Multimedia

Author: Istvan Nyirjesy, MD, FACOG, Former Clinical Professor, Honorary Staff, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University School of Medicine; Former Private Practice in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Dec 3, 2007

Multimedia

Conization site as related to uterine anatomy.Media file 1: Conization site as related to uterine anatomy.
Conization site as related to uterine anatomy.

Conization site as related to uterine anatomy.

The exocervical incision should be placed 2-3 mm ...Media file 2: The exocervical incision should be placed 2-3 mm beyond the limits of the transformation zone and must be adjusted to its size.
The exocervical incision should be placed 2-3 mm ...

The exocervical incision should be placed 2-3 mm beyond the limits of the transformation zone and must be adjusted to its size.

In cases of histologically diagnosed cervical int...Media file 3: In cases of histologically diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3, prebiopsy cytology results were reported as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in nearly equal proportions (data from 6 independent studies).
In cases of histologically diagnosed cervical int...

In cases of histologically diagnosed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3, prebiopsy cytology results were reported as high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in nearly equal proportions (data from 6 independent studies).

Site of preconization cerclage.Media file 4: Site of preconization cerclage.
Site of preconization cerclage.

Site of preconization cerclage.

Laser conization is initiated by outlining the ex...Media file 5: Laser conization is initiated by outlining the exocervical margins with 0.5- to 1-mm dots produced by laser energy at a power setting of 20-50 W. A laser incision is then performed to connect the dots and is extended to a depth of 3-5 mm.
Laser conization is initiated by outlining the ex...

Laser conization is initiated by outlining the exocervical margins with 0.5- to 1-mm dots produced by laser energy at a power setting of 20-50 W. A laser incision is then performed to connect the dots and is extended to a depth of 3-5 mm.

Loops for the loop electrosurgical excision proce...Media file 6: Loops for the loop electrosurgical excision procedure.
Loops for the loop electrosurgical excision proce...

Loops for the loop electrosurgical excision procedure.

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure.Media file 7: Loop electrosurgical excision procedure.
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure.

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure.

More on Conization of Cervix

Overview: Conization of Cervix
Workup: Conization of Cervix
Treatment: Conization of Cervix
Follow-up: Conization of Cervix
Multimedia: Conization of Cervix
References

References

  1. Kolstad P, Klem V. Long-term followup of 1121 cases of carcinoma in situ. Obstet Gynecol. Aug 1976;48(2):125-9. [Medline].

  2. Bjerre B, Eliasson G, Linell F, et al. Conization as only treatment of carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol. May 15 1976;125(2):143-52. [Medline].

  3. Burghardt E. Die diagnostische Konisation der Portio Vaginalis Uteri. Geburtshilfe, Frauenheilunde. 1963;23:1.

  4. Reich O, Pickel H, Lahousen M, et al. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III: long-term outcome after cold-knife conization with clear margins. Obstet Gynecol. Mar 2001;97(3):428-30. [Medline].

  5. Garcia AA, Hamid O, El-Khoueiry A. Cervical Cancer. eMedicine.com. Available at http://www.emedicine.com/med/TOPIC324.HTM. Accessed December 3, 2007.

  6. Costa S, Negri G, Sideri M, Santini D, Martinelli G, Venturoli S, et al. Human papillomavirus (HPV) test and PAP smear as predictors of outcome inconservatively treated adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the uterine cervix. Gynecol Oncol. 2007 Jul;106(1):170-6. July 2007;106(1):170-6. [Medline].

  7. Bae JH, Kim CJ, Park TC, Namkoong SE, Park JS. Persistence of human papillomavirus as a predictor for treatment failure after loop electrosurgical excision procedure. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2007 Apr 18; [Epub ahead of print]. April 2007;[Medline].

  8. Samson SL, Bentley JR, Fahey TJ, et al. The effect of loop electrosurgical excision procedure on future pregnancy outcome. Obstet Gynecol. Feb 2005;105(2):325-32. [Medline].

  9. Sjoborg KD, Vistad I, Myhr SS, Svenningsen R, Herzog C, Kloster-Jensen A, et al. G, Hole S, Tanbo T.: Pregnancy outcome after cervical cone excision: a case-control study. 2007;86(4):. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 4/2007;86:423-8.). [Medline].

  10. Nordland K, Skjeldestad FE, Hagen B. [Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia before and after introduction of laser conization]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. Jan 20 2005;125(2):167-9. [Medline].

  11. Baggish MS. Basic and Advanced Laser Surgery in Gynecology. 2nd ed. Norwalk, Conn: Appleton & Lange; 1999.

  12. Bosch FX, Manos MM, Munoz N, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective. International biological study on cervical cancer (IBSCC) Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. Jun 7 1995;87(11):796-802. [Medline].

  13. Duncan LD, Jacob SV. Atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion: the practice experience of a hospital-based reference laboratory with this new Bethesda system diagnostic category. Diagn Cytopathol. Apr 2005;32(4):243-6. [Medline].

  14. Felix JC, Muderspach LI, Duggan BD, Roman LD. The significance of positive margins in loop electrosurgical cone biopsies. Obstet Gynecol. Dec 1994;84(6):996-1000. [Medline].

  15. Ferenczy A, Franco E, Arseneau J, et al. Diagnostic performance of Hybrid Capture human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid assay combined with liquid-based cytologic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Sep 1996;175(3 Pt 1):651-6. [Medline].

  16. Gilles C, Manigart Y, Konopnicki D, et al. Management and outcome of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia lesions: a study of matched cases according to HIV status. Gynecol Oncol. Jan 2005;96(1):112-8. [Medline].

  17. Hatch KD, Schneider A, Abdel-Nour MW. An evaluation of human papillomavirus testing for intermediate- and high-risk types as triage before colposcopy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Apr 1995;172(4 Pt 1):1150-5; discussion 1155-7. [Medline].

  18. Jordan MJ, Bader GM, Day E. Carcinoma in situ of the cervix and related lesions. An 11-year prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1964;80:160-82.

  19. Kurman RJ, Solomon D. The Bethesda System for reporting cervical/vaginal cytologic diagnoses. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1994:30-78.

  20. Lachman MF, Cavallo-Calvanese C. Qualification of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in an independent laboratory: is it useful or significant?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 1998;179(2):421-9. [Medline].

  21. Lonky NM, Sadeghi M, Tsadik GW, et al. The clinical significance of the poor correlation of cervical dysplasia and cervical malignancy with referral cytologic results. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Sep 1999;181(3):560-6. [Medline].

  22. Lorincz AT, Reid R, Jenson AB, et al. Human papillomavirus infection of the cervix: relative risk associations of 15 common anogenital types. Obstet Gynecol. Mar 1992;79(3):328-37. [Medline].

  23. Mitchell MF, Tortolero-Luna G, Cook E, et al. A randomized clinical trial of cryotherapy, laser vaporization, and loop electrosurgical excision for treatment of squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. Obstet Gynecol. Nov 1998;92(5):737-44. [Medline].

  24. National Cancer Institute. Estimated new cancer causes and deaths in 2005. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2002[Full Text].

  25. Numnum TM, Kirby TO, Leath CA, et al. A prospective evaluation of "see and treat" in women with HSIL Pap smear results: is this an appropriate strategy?. J Low Genit Tract Dis. Jan 2005;9(1):2-6. [Medline].

  26. Nyirjesy I. Atypical or suspicious cervical smears. An aggressive diagnostic approach. JAMA. Nov 6 1972;222(6):691-3. [Medline].

  27. Nyirjesy I, Billingsley FS. Potential hazards of following atypical and low-grade cervical cytology without colposcopy. Jul 1 1998;5(4):162. [Medline].

  28. Nyirjesy I, Billingsley FS, Forman MR. Evaluation of atypical and low-grade cervical cytology in private practice. Obstet Gynecol. Oct 1998;92(4 Pt 1):601-7. [Medline].

  29. Penna C, Fambrini M, Fallani MG, et al. Laser CO2 conization in postmenopausal age: risk of cervical stenosis and unsatisfactory follow-up. Gynecol Oncol. Mar 2005;96(3):771-5. [Medline].

  30. Solomon D, Schiffman M, Tarone R, et al. Comparison of three management strategies for patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance: baseline results from a randomized trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. Feb 21 2001;93(4):293-9. [Medline].

  31. Stoler MH, Schiffman M. Interobserver reproducibility of cervical cytologic and histologic interpretations: realistic estimates from the ASCUS-LSIL Triage Study. JAMA. Mar 21 2001;285(11):1500-5. [Medline].

  32. Temkin SM, Hellmann M, Lee YC, Abulafia O. Dysplastic endocervical curettings: a predictor of cervical squamous cellcarcinoma. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 May;196(5):469.e1-4. May/2007;196(5):469.e1-4. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

squamous intraepithelial lesions, glandular intraepithelial lesions, microinvasive carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, CIN, loop electrosurgical excision procedure, LEEP, large loop excision of transformation zone, LLETZ, epithelial cell abnormalities, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, HSIL, HGSIL, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, LSIL, LGSIL, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, ASCUS, atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance, AGUS, squamous cell carcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma, endometrial adenocarcinoma, extrauterine adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified, malignant neoplasia, cold-knife conization, cervical carcinoma, diagnostic conization, therapeutic conization

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Istvan Nyirjesy, MD, FACOG, Former Clinical Professor, Honorary Staff, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Georgetown University School of Medicine; Former Private Practice in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Istvan Nyirjesy, MD, FACOG is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, International College of Surgeons, and Royal Society of Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Serdar H Ural, MD, Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Radiology, Director, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Medical Director, Labor and Delivery Suite, Penn State University College of Medicine
Serdar H Ural, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American Medical Association, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Disclosure: GSK Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Ortho Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Frederick B Gaupp, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Family Practice, Hancock Medical Center
Frederick B Gaupp, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Michel E Rivlin, MD, Associate Professor, Coordinator, Quality Assurance/Quality Improvement, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi School of Medicine
Michel E Rivlin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Medical Association, Mississippi State Medical Association, and Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.