Abnormal Labor: Multimedia

References

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2. Zhang J, Troendle JF, Yancey MK. Reassessing the labor curve in nulliparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Oct 2002;187(4):824-8. [Medline].

3. Rouse DJ, Owen J, Hauth JC. Criteria for failed labor induction: prospective evaluation of a standardized protocol. Obstet Gynecol. Nov 2000;96(5 Pt 1):671-7. [Medline].

4. Cheng YW, Hopkins LM, Caughey AB. How long is too long: Does a prolonged second stage of labor in nulliparous women affect maternal and neonatal outcomes?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Sep 2004;191(3):933-8. [Medline].

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13. Mehta SH, Bujold E, Blackwell SC, et al. Is abnormal labor associated with shoulder dystocia in nulliparous women?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jun 2004;190(6):1604-7; discussion 1607-9. [Medline].

14. Shields SG, Ratcliffe SD, Fontaine P, et al. Dystocia in nulliparous women. Am Fam Physician. Jun 1 2007;75(11):1671-8. [Medline].

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16. [Best Evidence] Allen VM, Baskett TF, O'Connell CM, McKeen D, Allen AC. Maternal and perinatal outcomes with increasing duration of the second stage of labor. Obstet Gynecol. Jun 2009;113(6):1248-58. [Medline].

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20. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin Number 49, December 2003: Dystocia and augmentation of labor. Obstet Gynecol. Dec 2003;102(6):1445-54. [Medline].

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27. Saito M, Kozuma S, Kikuchi A, et al. Sonographic assessment of the cervix before, during and after a uterine contraction is effective in predicting the course of labor. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. Dec 2003;22(6):604-8. [Medline].

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29. Vahratian A, Hoffman MK, Troendle JF, et al. The impact of parity on course of labor in a contemporary population. Birth. Mar 2006;33(1):12-7. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

dystocia, prolonged labor, arrest of dilation, arrest of descent, cephalopelvic disproportion, protraction disorder, primary dysfunctional labor, failure to progress, lack of progressive cervical dilatation, lack of descent, cephalopelvic disproportion, CPD, pelvimetry, Montevideo units, MVUs, cesarean section, c-section, cesarean birth, cesarean delivery, mechanical dystocia, functional dystocia

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Saju Joy, MD, MS, Assistant Professor, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Saju Joy, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American Medical Association, and Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Patricia L Scott, MD, Fellow in Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Wake Forest University, Bowman Gray School of Medicine
Patricia L Scott, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and Tennessee Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Deborah Lyon, MD, Director, Division of Gynecology, Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Florida Health Science Center at Jacksonville
Deborah Lyon, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Association of American Medical Colleges, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and Florida Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Robert K Zurawin, MD, Associate Professor, Director of Baylor College of Medicine Program for Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Director of Fellowship Program, Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine
Robert K Zurawin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Harris County Medical Society, North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, and Texas Medical Association
Disclosure: Johnson and Johnson Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Conceptus Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Biosphere Medical Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Eli Lilly Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Richard S Legro, MD, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Milton S Hershey Medical Center
Richard S Legro, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Endocrine Society, Phi Beta Kappa, and Society of Reproductive Surgeons
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Frederick B Gaupp, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Family Practice, Hancock Medical Center
Frederick B Gaupp, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

David Chelmow, MD, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine; Program Director, Tufts University Affiliated Hospitals Obstetrics/Gynecology Residency Program; Chair, Tufts University Health Sciences Campus Institutional Review Board; Vice Chair for Research and Education, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center
David Chelmow, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Medical Association, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Massachusetts Medical Society, Phi Beta Kappa, Sigma Xi, Society for Gynecologic Investigation, and Society for Medical Decision Making
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.