eMedicine Specialties > Obstetrics and Gynecology > Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility

Infertility: Multimedia

Author: Elizabeth E Puscheck, MD, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine; In Vitro Fertilization Director, Gynecologic Ultrasound Director, Clinical Endocrine Laboratory Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Women's Care
Coauthor(s): Terri Lynn Woodard, MD, Fellow, Clinical Instructor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: May 5, 2009

Multimedia

Infertility. Cervical os changes during the menst...Media file 1: Infertility. Cervical os changes during the menstrual cycle. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Cervical os changes during the menst...

Infertility. Cervical os changes during the menstrual cycle. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Clear preovulatory cervical mucus. I...Media file 2: Infertility. Clear preovulatory cervical mucus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Clear preovulatory cervical mucus. I...

Infertility. Clear preovulatory cervical mucus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Fern pattern of preovulatory mucus. ...Media file 3: Infertility. Fern pattern of preovulatory mucus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Fern pattern of preovulatory mucus. ...

Infertility. Fern pattern of preovulatory mucus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Hysterosalpingogram image demonstrat...Media file 4: Infertility. Hysterosalpingogram image demonstrating normal findings with bilateral spillage. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Hysterosalpingogram image demonstrat...

Infertility. Hysterosalpingogram image demonstrating normal findings with bilateral spillage. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Antero-retroflexion uterus. Image c...Media file 5: Infertility. Antero-retroflexion uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Antero-retroflexion uterus. Image c...

Infertility. Antero-retroflexion uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Anteroflexion or retroflexion of the...Media file 6: Infertility. Anteroflexion or retroflexion of the uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Anteroflexion or retroflexion of the...

Infertility. Anteroflexion or retroflexion of the uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Bilateral cornual obstruction. Imag...Media file 7: Infertility. Bilateral cornual obstruction. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Bilateral cornual obstruction. Imag...

Infertility. Bilateral cornual obstruction. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Image c...Media file 8: Infertility. Salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Image c...

Infertility. Salpingitis isthmica nodosa. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Hydrosalpinx. Image courtesy of Jai...Media file 9: Infertility. Hydrosalpinx. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Hydrosalpinx. Image courtesy of Jai...

Infertility. Hydrosalpinx. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Tubal obstruction post–bilatera...Media file 10: Infertility. Tubal obstruction post–bilateral tubal ligation. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Tubal obstruction post–bilatera...

Infertility. Tubal obstruction post–bilateral tubal ligation. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Tubal obstruction: Pomeroy bilateral...Media file 11: Infertility. Tubal obstruction: Pomeroy bilateral tubal ligation. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Tubal obstruction: Pomeroy bilateral...

Infertility. Tubal obstruction: Pomeroy bilateral tubal ligation. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Intravasation of the contrast medium...Media file 12: Infertility. Intravasation of the contrast medium due to myoma. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Intravasation of the contrast medium...

Infertility. Intravasation of the contrast medium due to myoma. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Extravasation or lymphatic penetrati...Media file 13: Infertility. Extravasation or lymphatic penetration of the contrast medium. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Extravasation or lymphatic penetrati...

Infertility. Extravasation or lymphatic penetration of the contrast medium. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Irregular cavity due to intramural f...Media file 14: Infertility. Irregular cavity due to intramural fibroids intruding into the cavity. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Irregular cavity due to intramural f...

Infertility. Irregular cavity due to intramural fibroids intruding into the cavity. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Submucous fibroid. Image courtesy o...Media file 15: Infertility. Submucous fibroid. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Submucous fibroid. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Submucous fibroid. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Intrauterine synechiae. Image court...Media file 16: Infertility. Intrauterine synechiae. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Intrauterine synechiae. Image court...

Infertility. Intrauterine synechiae. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Synechiae. Image courtesy of Jairo ...Media file 17: Infertility. Synechiae. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Synechiae. Image courtesy of Jairo ...

Infertility. Synechiae. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Endometrial polyp. Image courtesy o...Media file 18: Infertility. Endometrial polyp. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Endometrial polyp. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Endometrial polyp. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Placental polyp. Image courtesy of ...Media file 19: Infertility. Placental polyp. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Placental polyp. Image courtesy of ...

Infertility. Placental polyp. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. T-shaped uterus. Image courtesy of J...Media file 20: Infertility. T-shaped uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. T-shaped uterus. Image courtesy of J...

Infertility. T-shaped uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Fundal and right fibroid tubal obstr...Media file 21: Infertility. Fundal and right fibroid tubal obstruction. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Fundal and right fibroid tubal obstr...

Infertility. Fundal and right fibroid tubal obstruction. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Unicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...Media file 22: Infertility. Unicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Unicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Unicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...Media file 23: Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...Media file 24: Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of...Media file 25: Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of...

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...Media file 26: Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...Media file 27: Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Didelphys uterus. Image courtesy of ...Media file 28: Infertility. Didelphys uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Didelphys uterus. Image courtesy of ...

Infertility. Didelphys uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Double vagina. Image courtesy of Jai...Media file 29: Infertility. Double vagina. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Double vagina. Image courtesy of Jai...

Infertility. Double vagina. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Irregular endometrial cavity after m...Media file 30: Infertility. Irregular endometrial cavity after myomectomy. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Irregular endometrial cavity after m...

Infertility. Irregular endometrial cavity after myomectomy. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of the uteru...Media file 31: Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of the uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of the uteru...

Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of the uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of the uteru...Media file 32: Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of the uterus. Three-laminar endometrial pattern. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of the uteru...

Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of the uterus. Three-laminar endometrial pattern. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of normal ut...Media file 33: Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of normal uterine cavity. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of normal ut...

Infertility. Sonogram: Sagittal view of normal uterine cavity. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Sonogram: Transverse view of the ute...Media file 34: Infertility. Sonogram: Transverse view of the uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Sonogram: Transverse view of the ute...

Infertility. Sonogram: Transverse view of the uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Intramural fibroid. Image courtesy ...Media file 35: Infertility. Intramural fibroid. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Intramural fibroid. Image courtesy ...

Infertility. Intramural fibroid. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Submucous myoma. Image courtesy of ...Media file 36: Infertility. Submucous myoma. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Submucous myoma. Image courtesy of ...

Infertility. Submucous myoma. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Endometrial polyp. Image courtesy o...Media file 37: Infertility. Endometrial polyp. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Endometrial polyp. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Endometrial polyp. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Ovarian cyst. Image courtesy of Jair...Media file 38: Infertility. Ovarian cyst. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Ovarian cyst. Image courtesy of Jair...

Infertility. Ovarian cyst. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Dermoid cyst. Image courtesy of Jai...Media file 39: Infertility. Dermoid cyst. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Dermoid cyst. Image courtesy of Jai...

Infertility. Dermoid cyst. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jai...Media file 40: Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jai...

Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Corpus luteum. Image courtesy of Jai...Media file 41: Infertility. Corpus luteum. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Corpus luteum. Image courtesy of Jai...

Infertility. Corpus luteum. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Preovulatory follicle. Image courtes...Media file 42: Infertility. Preovulatory follicle. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Preovulatory follicle. Image courtes...

Infertility. Preovulatory follicle. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Multiple follicles during ovulation ...Media file 43: Infertility. Multiple follicles during ovulation induction with human menopause gonadotropin. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Multiple follicles during ovulation ...

Infertility. Multiple follicles during ovulation induction with human menopause gonadotropin. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Polycystic ovary. Image courtesy of ...Media file 44: Infertility. Polycystic ovary. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Polycystic ovary. Image courtesy of ...

Infertility. Polycystic ovary. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Preovulatory follicle in polycystic ...Media file 45: Infertility. Preovulatory follicle in polycystic ovary during clomiphene citrate ovulation induction. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Preovulatory follicle in polycystic ...

Infertility. Preovulatory follicle in polycystic ovary during clomiphene citrate ovulation induction. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Uterine septum. Image courtesy of Ja...Media file 46: Infertility. Uterine septum. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Uterine septum. Image courtesy of Ja...

Infertility. Uterine septum. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Uterus didelphys. Image courtesy of ...Media file 47: Infertility. Uterus didelphys. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Uterus didelphys. Image courtesy of ...

Infertility. Uterus didelphys. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Sonohysterogram. Image courtesy of J...Media file 48: Infertility. Sonohysterogram. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Sonohysterogram. Image courtesy of J...

Infertility. Sonohysterogram. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Uterine synechiae. I...Media file 49: Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Uterine synechiae. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Uterine synechiae. I...

Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Uterine synechiae. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Uterine synechiae. I...Media file 50: Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Uterine synechiae. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Uterine synechiae. I...

Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Uterine synechiae. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Endometrial polyp. I...Media file 51: Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Endometrial polyp. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Endometrial polyp. I...

Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Endometrial polyp. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Submucous fibroid. I...Media file 52: Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Submucous fibroid. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Submucous fibroid. I...

Infertility. Hysteroscopy - Submucous fibroid. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Uterine septum. Image courtesy of J...Media file 53: Infertility. Uterine septum. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Uterine septum. Image courtesy of J...

Infertility. Uterine septum. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Arcuate uterus. Image courtesy of J...Media file 54: Infertility. Arcuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Arcuate uterus. Image courtesy of J...

Infertility. Arcuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Basal body temperature chart. Image...Media file 55: Infertility. Basal body temperature chart. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Basal body temperature chart. Image...

Infertility. Basal body temperature chart. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Normal uterus, ovaries, and fallopia...Media file 56: Infertility. Normal uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Normal uterus, ovaries, and fallopia...

Infertility. Normal uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...Media file 57: Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus and ectopic pregna...Media file 58: Infertility. Bicornuate uterus and ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Bicornuate uterus and ectopic pregna...

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus and ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Uterine fibroids. Image courtesy of...Media file 59: Infertility. Uterine fibroids. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Uterine fibroids. Image courtesy of...

Infertility. Uterine fibroids. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Hydrosalpinx. Image courtesy of Jai...Media file 60: Infertility. Hydrosalpinx. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Hydrosalpinx. Image courtesy of Jai...

Infertility. Hydrosalpinx. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Peritubal and ovarian adhesions. Im...Media file 61: Infertility. Peritubal and ovarian adhesions. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Peritubal and ovarian adhesions. Im...

Infertility. Peritubal and ovarian adhesions. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Frozen pelvis. Image courtesy of Ja...Media file 62: Infertility. Frozen pelvis. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Frozen pelvis. Image courtesy of Ja...

Infertility. Frozen pelvis. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Frozen pelvis. Image courtesy of Ja...Media file 63: Infertility. Frozen pelvis. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Frozen pelvis. Image courtesy of Ja...

Infertility. Frozen pelvis. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Pelvic endometriosis. Image courtes...Media file 64: Infertility. Pelvic endometriosis. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Pelvic endometriosis. Image courtes...

Infertility. Pelvic endometriosis. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Pelvic endometriosis. Image courtes...Media file 65: Infertility. Pelvic endometriosis. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Pelvic endometriosis. Image courtes...

Infertility. Pelvic endometriosis. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jai...Media file 66: Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jai...

Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jai...Media file 67: Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jai...

Infertility. Endometrioma. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Tubal ligation. Image courtesy of Ja...Media file 68: Infertility. Tubal ligation. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Tubal ligation. Image courtesy of Ja...

Infertility. Tubal ligation. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Uterus - Tubal ligation. Image cour...Media file 69: Infertility. Uterus - Tubal ligation. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Uterus - Tubal ligation. Image cour...

Infertility. Uterus - Tubal ligation. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus - Ectopic pregnanc...Media file 70: Infertility. Bicornuate uterus - Ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Bicornuate uterus - Ectopic pregnanc...

Infertility. Bicornuate uterus - Ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy o...Media file 71: Infertility. Ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy o...Media file 72: Infertility. Ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy o...

Infertility. Ectopic pregnancy. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Paratubal cyst. Image courtesy of J...Media file 73: Infertility. Paratubal cyst. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Paratubal cyst. Image courtesy of J...

Infertility. Paratubal cyst. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Septate uterus. Image courtesy of J...Media file 74: Infertility. Septate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Septate uterus. Image courtesy of J...

Infertility. Septate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Septate uterus. Image courtesy of J...Media file 75: Infertility. Septate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Septate uterus. Image courtesy of J...

Infertility. Septate uterus. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Septate uterus and pedunculated fibr...Media file 76: Infertility. Septate uterus and pedunculated fibroid. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Septate uterus and pedunculated fibr...

Infertility. Septate uterus and pedunculated fibroid. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Polycystic ovaries. Image courtesy ...Media file 77: Infertility. Polycystic ovaries. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Polycystic ovaries. Image courtesy ...

Infertility. Polycystic ovaries. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Polycystic ovary. Image courtesy of...Media file 78: Infertility. Polycystic ovary. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Polycystic ovary. Image courtesy of...

Infertility. Polycystic ovary. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Metroplasty - Strassman technique. I...Media file 79: Infertility. Metroplasty - Strassman technique. Image courtesy of Clifford R. Wheeless, Jr, MD.
Infertility. Metroplasty - Strassman technique. I...

Infertility. Metroplasty - Strassman technique. Image courtesy of Clifford R. Wheeless, Jr, MD.

Infertility. Metroplasty - Jones technique. Image...Media file 80: Infertility. Metroplasty - Jones technique. Image courtesy of Clifford R. Wheeless, Jr, MD.
Infertility. Metroplasty - Jones technique. Image...

Infertility. Metroplasty - Jones technique. Image courtesy of Clifford R. Wheeless, Jr, MD.

Infertility. Diagram of oocyte aspiration by lapa...Media file 81: Infertility. Diagram of oocyte aspiration by laparoscopy.
Infertility. Diagram of oocyte aspiration by lapa...

Infertility. Diagram of oocyte aspiration by laparoscopy.

Infertility. Diagram of oocyte aspiration by tran...Media file 82: Infertility. Diagram of oocyte aspiration by transvaginal ultrasonography.
Infertility. Diagram of oocyte aspiration by tran...

Infertility. Diagram of oocyte aspiration by transvaginal ultrasonography.

Infertility. Metaphase II preovulatory oocyte. Im...Media file 83: Infertility. Metaphase II preovulatory oocyte. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Metaphase II preovulatory oocyte. Im...

Infertility. Metaphase II preovulatory oocyte. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Atretic. Image courtesy of Jairo E. ...Media file 84: Infertility. Atretic. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Atretic. Image courtesy of Jairo E. ...

Infertility. Atretic. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Metaphase I oocytes. Image courtesy ...Media file 85: Infertility. Metaphase I oocytes. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Metaphase I oocytes. Image courtesy ...

Infertility. Metaphase I oocytes. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Fractured zona. Image courtesy of Ja...Media file 86: Infertility. Fractured zona. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Fractured zona. Image courtesy of Ja...

Infertility. Fractured zona. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Fractured zona. Image courtesy of J...Media file 87: Infertility. Fractured zona. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Fractured zona. Image courtesy of J...

Infertility. Fractured zona. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Two-pronuclei stage embryo - Eightee...Media file 88: Infertility. Two-pronuclei stage embryo - Eighteen hours postinsemination. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Two-pronuclei stage embryo - Eightee...

Infertility. Two-pronuclei stage embryo - Eighteen hours postinsemination. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Polyspermia or second polar body. Im...Media file 89: Infertility. Polyspermia or second polar body. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Polyspermia or second polar body. Im...

Infertility. Polyspermia or second polar body. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Preembryo classification - Symmetry ...Media file 90: Infertility. Preembryo classification - Symmetry (8-cell embryo with equal-sized blastomeres). Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Preembryo classification - Symmetry ...

Infertility. Preembryo classification - Symmetry (8-cell embryo with equal-sized blastomeres). Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Fragments. Image courtesy of Jairo ...Media file 91: Infertility. Fragments. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Fragments. Image courtesy of Jairo ...

Infertility. Fragments. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Blastomeres/embryo. Image courtesy ...Media file 92: Infertility. Blastomeres/embryo. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Blastomeres/embryo. Image courtesy ...

Infertility. Blastomeres/embryo. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Clear blastomeres in a cleaving embr...Media file 93: Infertility. Clear blastomeres in a cleaving embryo. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Clear blastomeres in a cleaving embr...

Infertility. Clear blastomeres in a cleaving embryo. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Embryo (8-cell stage). Image courte...Media file 94: Infertility. Embryo (8-cell stage). Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Embryo (8-cell stage). Image courte...

Infertility. Embryo (8-cell stage). Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Embryo (10- to 12-cell stage). Imag...Media file 95: Infertility. Embryo (10- to 12-cell stage). Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Embryo (10- to 12-cell stage). Imag...

Infertility. Embryo (10- to 12-cell stage). Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Blastocysts. Image courtesy of Jair...Media file 96: Infertility. Blastocysts. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Blastocysts. Image courtesy of Jair...

Infertility. Blastocysts. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Catheters for embryo transfer. Imag...Media file 97: Infertility. Catheters for embryo transfer. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Catheters for embryo transfer. Imag...

Infertility. Catheters for embryo transfer. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Preembryos being ejected. Image cou...Media file 98: Infertility. Preembryos being ejected. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Preembryos being ejected. Image cou...

Infertility. Preembryos being ejected. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection loa...Media file 99: Infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection loading tail first. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection loa...

Infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection loading tail first. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection. I...Media file 100: Infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.
Infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection. I...

Infertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Image courtesy of Jairo E. Garcia, MD.

Infertility. Husband-and-wife medical history pac...Media file 101: Infertility. Husband-and-wife medical history packet.
Infertility. Husband-and-wife medical history pac...

Infertility. Husband-and-wife medical history packet.

ASRM History FormMedia file 102: ASRM History Form
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References

References

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Further Reading

Keywords

infertility, fertility treatment, fertility test, fertility calculator, fertility drugs, male infertility, artificial insemination, intrauterine insemination, invitro fertilization, sterility, reproductive sterility, lack of pregnancy, fertility, in vitro fertilization, IVF, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ICSI, assisted reproductive technologies, ART, pelvic inflammatory disease, PID, endometriosis, sexually transmitted diseases, gonorrhea, chlamydia, STDs, cryopreservation, sperm donor, sperm morphology, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm quality, semen analysis, sperm washing, sperm evaluation, egg evaluation, egg quality, oocyte quality, egg donor, oocyte donor, gamete donation, oocyte donation, sperm donation, embryo donation, conception problems, pregnancy problems, pregnancy complications, pregnancy, normal infertile couple, NIC, unexplained infertility, tubal factor infertility, male factor infertility, failed implantation, chemical pregnancy, miscarriage

endometriosis, Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, double vagina, absent vagina, absent uterus, uterine malformation, uterine anomaly, congenital uterine anomaly, DES, diethylstilbestrol, sexual history, fibroid, intrauterine fibroid, submucous fibroid, intramural fibroid, subserosal fibroid, placental polyps, T-shaped uterus, tubal ligation, hydrosalpinx, polycystic ovary syndrome, anovulation, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, cervical stenosis, pelvic adhesions, premature ovarian failure, luteal phase deficiency, luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, LUF syndrome, recurrent pregnancy loss, recurrent abortion, gamete intrafallopian transfer, gamete intra-fallopian transfer, GIFT, zygote intrafallopian transfer, zygote intra-fallopian transfer, ZIFT, partial zona dissection, PZD, subzonal sperm injection, SUZI, assisted hatching, AH, gestational carrier, surrogate carrier

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Elizabeth E Puscheck, MD, Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine; In Vitro Fertilization Director, Gynecologic Ultrasound Director, Clinical Endocrine Laboratory Consultant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Women's Care
Elizabeth E Puscheck, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Endocrine Society, International Society for Clinical Densitometry, Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, and Society of Reproductive Surgeons
Disclosure: Wyeth Grant/research funds Other

Coauthor(s)

Terri Lynn Woodard, MD, Fellow, Clinical Instructor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Terri Lynn Woodard, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, and Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Robert K Zurawin, MD, Associate Professor, Director of Baylor College of Medicine Program for Minimally Invasive Gynecology, Director of Fellowship Program, Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine
Robert K Zurawin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Harris County Medical Society, North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, and Texas Medical Association
Disclosure: Johnson and Johnson Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Conceptus Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Biosphere Medical Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Eli Lilly Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

A David Barnes, MD, PhD, MPH, FACOG, Consulting Staff, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mammoth Hospital (Mammoth Lakes, California), Pioneer Valley Hospital (Salt Lake City, Utah), Warren General Hospital (Warren, Pennsylvania), and Mountain West Hospital (Tooele, Utah)
A David Barnes, MD, PhD, MPH, FACOG is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Forensic Examiners, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Medical Association, Association of Military Surgeons of the US, and Utah Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Frederick B Gaupp, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Family Practice, Hancock Medical Center
Frederick B Gaupp, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Bryan D Cowan, MD, Professor and Chairman, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Mississippi College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center; Medical Director, Wiser Hospital for Women, University of Mississippi Medical Center
Bryan D Cowan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Gynecological and Obstetrical Society, American Medical Association, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Endocrine Society, Sigma Xi, Society for Assisted Reproductive Technologies, Society for Gynecologic Investigation, Society for the Study of Reproduction, and Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons
Disclosure: Wyeth None Speaking and teaching

 
 
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