eMedicine Specialties > Oncology > Carcinomas of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Hepatic Carcinoma, Primary: Multimedia

Author: Keith E Stuart, MD, Chairman, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lahey Clinic
Coauthor(s): Zsofia K Stadler, MD, Clinical Fellow, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jan 12, 2009

Multimedia

Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Dilated collateral su...Media file 1: Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Dilated collateral superficial abdominal veins in a 67-year-old man with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and portal vein occlusion.
Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Dilated collateral su...

Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Dilated collateral superficial abdominal veins in a 67-year-old man with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and portal vein occlusion.

Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Large multifocal hepa...Media file 2: Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Large multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an 80-year-old man without cirrhosis.
Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Large multifocal hepa...

Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Large multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an 80-year-old man without cirrhosis.

Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Noncontrast CT scans ...Media file 3: Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Noncontrast CT scans at 1 day and 3 months following chemoembolization with doxorubicin/Ethiodol Gelfoam.
Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Noncontrast CT scans ...

Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Noncontrast CT scans at 1 day and 3 months following chemoembolization with doxorubicin/Ethiodol Gelfoam.

Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Unusual location of a...Media file 4: Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Unusual location of a bone metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Unusual location of a...

Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Unusual location of a bone metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Plain radiograph imme...Media file 5: Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Plain radiograph immediately following chemoembolization, demonstrating catheter placement and Ethiodol enhancement of tumors.
Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Plain radiograph imme...

Hepatic carcinoma, primary. Plain radiograph immediately following chemoembolization, demonstrating catheter placement and Ethiodol enhancement of tumors.

More on Hepatic Carcinoma, Primary

Overview: Hepatic Carcinoma, Primary
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Hepatic Carcinoma, Primary
Treatment & Medication: Hepatic Carcinoma, Primary
Follow-up: Hepatic Carcinoma, Primary
Multimedia: Hepatic Carcinoma, Primary
References

References

  1. El-Serag HB, Mason AC. Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. N Engl J Med. Mar 11 1999;340(10):745-50. [Medline].

  2. El-Serag HB, Davila JA, Petersen NJ, et al. The continuing increase in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States: an update. Ann Intern Med. Nov 18 2003;139(10):817-23. [Medline].

  3. Schottenfeld D, Fraumeni JF eds. Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press; 2006.

  4. El-Serag HB, Mason AC. Risk factors for the rising rates of primary liver cancer in the United States. Arch Intern Med. Nov 27 2000;160(21):3227-30. [Medline].

  5. American Cancer Society. Statistics for 2008. Available at http://www.cancer.org/docroot/stt/stt_0.asp.

  6. Bosch FX, Ribes J, Diaz M, et al. Primary liver cancer: worldwide incidence and trends. Gastroenterology. Nov 2004;127(5 Suppl 1):S5-S16. [Medline].

  7. Di Bisceglie AM, Carithers RL Jr, Gores GJ. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. Oct 1998;28(4):1161-5. [Medline].

  8. Cancer of the Liver and Biliary Tract. In: Adami A, Hunter D, and Trichopoulos D. Textbook of Cancer Epidemiology. Second Edition. Oxford England: Oxford University Press; 2008:308-332.

  9. DeVita VT, Lawrence TS, Rosenberg SA, et al. Cancer. In: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; May 2008 1.

  10. Chang MH, Chen CJ, Lai MS, et al. Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. Taiwan Childhood Hepatoma Study Group. N Engl J Med. Jun 26 1997;336(26):1855-9. [Medline].

  11. Bugianesi E. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cancer. Clin Liver Dis. Feb 2007;11(1):191-207, x-xi. [Medline].

  12. Calle EE, Teras LR, Thun MJ. Obesity and mortality. N Engl J Med. Nov 17 2005;353(20):2197-9. [Medline].

  13. Davila JA, Morgan RO, Shaib Y, et al. Diabetes increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States: a population based case control study. Gut. Apr 2005;54(4):533-9. [Medline].

  14. Manos M,and Murphy R. Viral hepatitis registry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.Trends in the incidence and etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in a managed care population :the roles of viral hepatitis and fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2007;46:400A.

  15. Peng SY, Chen WJ, Lai PL, et al. High alpha-fetoprotein level correlates with high stage, early recurrence and poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: significance of hepatitis virus infection, age, p53 and beta-catenin mutations. Int J Cancer. Oct 20 2004;112(1):44-50. [Medline].

  16. A new prognostic system for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 435 patients: the Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) investigators. Hepatology. Sep 1998;28(3):751-5. [Medline].

  17. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Hepatobiliary Cancers Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (Version 2.2008). Available at http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/hepatobiliary.pdf.

  18. Thomas MB, Zhu AX. Hepatocellular carcinoma: the need for progress. J Clin Oncol. May 1 2005;23(13):2892-9. [Medline].

  19. Bruix J, Sherman M. Management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. Nov 2005;42(5):1208-36. [Medline].

  20. Rougier P, Mitry E, Barbare JC, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): an update. Semin Oncol. Apr 2007;34(2 Suppl 1):S12-20. [Medline].

  21. Simonetti RG, Liberati A, Angiolini C. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Ann Oncol. 1997;8:117-36. [Medline].

  22. Leung TW, Tang AM, Zee B, et al. Factors predicting response and survival in 149 patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated by combination cisplatin, interferon-alpha, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Cancer. Jan 15 2002;94(2):421-7. [Medline].

  23. Zhu AX, Blaszkowsky LS, Ryan DP, et al. Phase II study of gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in combination with bevacizumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. Apr 20 2006;24(12):1898-903. [Medline].

  24. Llovet J, Ricci S, Mazzaferro V, et al. Sorafenib improves survival in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): results of a phase III randomized placebo-controlled trial (SHARP trial). J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(suppl):962s(abstract LBA1).

  25. Faivre S, Raymond E,Douillard J, et al. Assessment of safety and drug-induced tumor necrosis with sunitinib in patients (pts) with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25:149s Abstract 3546.

  26. Philip PA, Mahoney MR, Allmer C, et al. Phase II study of Erlotinib (OSI-774) in patients with advanced hepatocellular cancer. J Clin Oncol. Sep 20 2005;23(27):6657-63. [Medline].

  27. Thomas M, Dutta A, Brown T, et al. A phase II open-label study of OSI-774 (NSC 718781) in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2005;23:4083a.

  28. Stuart K. Chemoembolization in the management of liver tumors. Oncologist. 2003;8(5):425-37. [Medline].

  29. Stuart K, Stokes K, Jenkins R, et al. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using doxorubicin/ethiodized oil/gelatin powder chemoembolization. Cancer. Dec 1 1993;72(11):3202-9. [Medline].

  30. Bruix J, Llovet JM, Castells A, et al. Transarterial embolization versus symptomatic treatment in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: results of a randomized, controlled trial in a single institution. Hepatology. Jun 1998;27(6):1578-83. [Medline].

  31. Llovet JM, Real MI, Montana X, et al. Arterial embolisation or chemoembolisation versus symptomatic treatment in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. May 18 2002;359(9319):1734-9. [Medline].

  32. Lo CM, Ngan H, Tso WK, et al. Randomized controlled trial of transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. May 2002;35(5):1164-71. [Medline].

  33. Poon RT, Fan ST, Lo CM, et al. Improving survival results after resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study of 377 patients over 10 years. Ann Surg. Jul 2001;234(1):63-70. [Medline].

  34. Takayama T, Makuuchi M, Hirohashi S, et al. Early hepatocellular carcinoma as an entity with a high rate of surgical cure. Hepatology. Nov 1998;28(5):1241-6. [Medline].

  35. Hemming AW, Cattral MS, Reed AI, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg. May 2001;233(5):652-9. [Medline].

  36. Vauthey JN, Klimstra D, Franceschi D, et al. Factors affecting long-term outcome after hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Surg. Jan 1995;169(1):28-34; discussion 34-5. [Medline].

  37. Iwatsuki S, Starzl TE, Sheahan DG, et al. Hepatic resection versus transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg. Sep 1991;214(3):221-8; discussion 228-9. [Medline].

  38. Fong Y, Sun RL, Jarnagin W, et al. An analysis of 412 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma at a Western center. Ann Surg. Jun 1999;229(6):790-9; discussion 799-800. [Medline].

  39. Curley SA, Izzo F, Ellis LM, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular cancer in 110 patients with cirrhosis. Ann Surg. Sep 2000;232(3):381-91. [Medline].

  40. Stuart KE, Anand AJ, Jenkins RL. Hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States. Prognostic features, treatment outcome, and survival. Cancer. Jun 1 1996;77(11):2217-22. [Medline].

  41. Collier J, Sherman M. Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. Jan 1998;27(1):273-8. [Medline].

  42. El-Serag HB. Hepatocellular carcinoma: recent trends in the United States. Gastroenterology. Nov 2004;127(5 Suppl 1):S27-34. [Medline].

  43. Rizell M, Andersson M, Cahlin C, et al. Effects of the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus in patients with hepatocellular and cholangiocellular cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. Feb 2008;13(1):66-70. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

primary hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC, liver cancer, primary liver cancer, liver carcinoma, primary liver carcinoma, cirrhosis, liver failure, hepatoma, liver dysfunction, hepatic dysfunction, liver tumor, hepatic tumor, liver disease, jaundice, hepatitis B virus, HBV, hepatitis C virus, HCV, hepatitis virus, alcoholism, alcoholic liver disease, hemochromatosis, aflatoxin, liver function test, liver function testing, LFTs, OLT, orthotopic liver transplantation, liver transplantation, liver transplant

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Keith E Stuart, MD, Chairman, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Lahey Clinic
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Zsofia K Stadler, MD, Clinical Fellow, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Antoni Ribas, MD, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

CME Editor

Rajalaxmi McKenna, MD, FACP, Southwest Medical Consultants, SC, Department of Medicine, Good Samaritan Hospital, Advocate Health Systems
Rajalaxmi McKenna, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Hematology, and International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Jules E Harris, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine at Tucson; Consulting Staff, Arizona Cancer Center
Jules E Harris, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Cancer Research, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Immunologists, American Society of Hematology, and Central Society for Clinical Research
Disclosure: GlobeImmune Salary Consulting; Amplimed Consulting fee Consulting; FibroGen Consulting fee Consulting

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.