eMedicine Specialties > Psychiatry > Adult

Anxiety Disorders: Multimedia

Author: William R Yates, MD, MS, Research Psychiatrist, Laureate Institute for Brain Research; Professor of Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine at Tulsa
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Oct 26, 2009

Multimedia

Chart showing the female-to-male sex ratio for an...Media file 1: Chart showing the female-to-male sex ratio for anxiety disorders. Adapted from Kessler et al, 1994.
Chart showing the female-to-male sex ratio for an...

Chart showing the female-to-male sex ratio for anxiety disorders. Adapted from Kessler et al, 1994.

Age of onset for anxiety disorders based on speci...Media file 2: Age of onset for anxiety disorders based on specific anxiety disorder type.
Age of onset for anxiety disorders based on speci...

Age of onset for anxiety disorders based on specific anxiety disorder type.

More on Anxiety Disorders

Overview: Anxiety Disorders
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Anxiety Disorders
Treatment & Medication: Anxiety Disorders
Follow-up: Anxiety Disorders
Multimedia: Anxiety Disorders
References

References

  1. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.

  2. Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Jan 1994;51(1):8-19. [Medline].

  3. Sinclair LI, Christmas DM, Hood SD, Potokar JP, Robertson A, Isaac A, et al. Antidepressant-induced jitteriness/anxiety syndrome: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry. Jun 2009;194(6):483-90. [Medline].

  4. Leichsenring F, Salzer S, Jaeger U, Kächele H, Kreische R, Leweke F, et al. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. Aug 2009;166(8):875-81. [Medline].

  5. [Guideline] American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with panic disorder. Work Group on Panic Disorder. American Psychiatric Association. Am J Psychiatry. May 1998;155(5 Suppl):1-34. [Medline].

  6. [Guideline] Bandelow B, Zohar J, Hollander E, Kasper S, Möller HJ, Zohar J, et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorders - first revision. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2008;9(4):248-312. [Medline].

  7. [Best Evidence] Bisson J, Andrew M. Psychological treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;CD003388. [Medline].

  8. Burdick A, Goodman WK, Foote KD. Deep brain stimulation for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder. Front Biosci. Jan 1 2009;14:1880-90. [Medline].

  9. [Best Evidence] [Guideline] Connolly SD, Bernstein GA. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Feb 2007;46(2):267-83. [Medline].

  10. Connolly SD, Bernstein GA,. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. Feb 2007;46(2):267-83. [Medline].

  11. Jenike MA. Clinical practice. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. N Engl J Med. Jan 15 2004;350(3):259-65. [Medline].

  12. [Guideline] Koran LM, Hanna GL, Hollander E, Nestadt G, Simpson HB. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. Jul 2007;164(7 Suppl):5-53. [Medline].

  13. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Monahan PO, Löwe B. Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Ann Intern Med. Mar 6 2007;146(5):317-25. [Medline].

  14. Rubin KH, Coplan RJ, Bowker JC. Social withdrawal in childhood. Annu Rev Psychol. 2009;60:141-71. [Medline].

  15. [Best Evidence] Stein DJ, Ipser J, McAnda N. Pharmacotherapy of posttraumatic stress disorder: a review of meta-analyses and treatment guidelines. CNS Spectr. Jan 2009;14(1 Suppl 1):25-31. [Medline].

  16. Stein MB, Simmons AN, Feinstein JS, Paulus MP. Increased amygdala and insula activation during emotion processing in anxiety-prone subjects. Am J Psychiatry. Feb 2007;164(2):318-27. [Medline].

  17. Torres AR, Prince MJ, Bebbington PE, Bhugra D, Brugha TS, Farrell M. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: prevalence, comorbidity, impact, and help-seeking in the British National Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of 2000. Am J Psychiatry. Nov 2006;163(11):1978-85. [Medline].

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Further Reading

Keywords

generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobia, agoraphobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD, stress, anxiety neurosis, nervousness, posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD, substance-induced anxiety disorder, specific phobias, social phobia, adjustment disorder, acute stress disorder

major depression, separation anxiety, substance abuse disorder, recurrent distressing dreams, recurrent distressing nightmares, difficulty staying asleep, exaggerated startle response, hypervigilance, difficulty concentrating, anger outbursts, irritability, difficulty falling asleep, sweaty palms, restlessness

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

William R Yates, MD, MS, Research Psychiatrist, Laureate Institute for Brain Research; Professor of Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine at Tulsa
William R Yates, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Family Physicians and American Psychiatric Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Denis F Darko, MD, Executive Director, Clinical Research and Development, Global Neuroscience, AstraZeneca
Denis F Darko, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians and American Psychiatric Association
Disclosure: AstraZeneca Salary Management position

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Eduardo Dunayevich, MD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati; Clinical Research Physician, Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories
Eduardo Dunayevich, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Psychiatric Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Harold H Harsch, MD, Program Director of Geropsychiatry, Department of Geriatrics/Gerontology, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Medicine, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin
Harold H Harsch, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Psychiatric Association
Disclosure: lilly Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Forest Labs Honoraria Speaking and teaching; AstraZeneca Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Pfizer Grant/research funds Speaking and teaching; Northstar Grant/research funds Research; Novartis Grant/research funds research; Pfizer  Speaking and teaching; Sanofi-avetis Grant/research funds research; Otsuke Grant/research funds reseach; GlaxoSmithKline Grant/research funds research

Chief Editor

Stephen Soreff, MD, President of Education Initiatives, Nottingham, NH; Faculty, Metropolitan College of Boston University, Boston, MA
Stephen Soreff, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Mental Health Administration and American Psychosomatic Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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