Tardive Dystonia Differential Diagnoses
- Author: Daniel Schneider, MD; Chief Editor: Iqbal Ahmed, MBBS, FRCPsych (UK) more...
Differential Diagnoses
- Huntington Disease Dementia
- PKAN
- Primary Dystonias
- Tetanus
- Wilson Disease
Fahn S, Marsden, CD, Calne DB. Classification and Investigation of Dystonia. In: Marsden CD, Fahn S. Movement Disorders, Vol. 2. London: Butterworths; 1987:332-358.
Fahn, Stanley and Jankovic, Joseph. Principles and Practice of Movement Disorders. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingston Elveiser; 2007.
Stacy, Mark A. Handbook of Dystonia. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare; 2007.
Keegan DL, Rajput AH. Drug induced dystonia tarda: treatment with L-dopa. Dis Nerv Syst. Mar 1973;34(3):167-9. [Medline].
Burke RE, Fahn S, Jankovic J, et al. Tardive dystonia: late-onset and persistent dystonia caused by antipsychotic drugs. Neurology. Dec 1982;32(12):1335-46. [Medline].
Kang UJ, Burke RE, Fahn S. Tardive dystonia. Adv Neurol. 1988;50:415-29. [Medline].
Adityanjee, Aderibigbe YA, Jampala VC, Mathews T. The current status of tardive dystonia. Biol Psychiatry. Mar 15 1999;45(6):715-30. [Medline].
Sachdev P. Risk factors for tardive dystonia: a case-control comparison with tardive dyskinesia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. Aug 1993;88(2):98-103. [Medline].
Mihara K, Kondo T, Higuchi H, Takahashi H, Yoshida K, Shimizu T. Tardive dystonia and genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P4502D6 and dopamine D2 and D3 receptors: a preliminary finding. Am J Med Genet. Aug 8 2002;114(6):693-5. [Medline].
Trugman JM, Leadbetter R, Zalis ME, Burgdorf RO, Wooten GF. Treatment of severe axial tardive dystonia with clozapine: case report and hypothesis. Mov Disord. Jul 1994;9(4):441-6. [Medline].
Yassa R, Nair V, Iskandar H. A comparison of severe tardive dystonia and severe tardive dyskinesia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. Aug 1989;80(2):155-9. [Medline].
Friedman JH, Kucharski LT, Wagner RL. Tardive dystonia in a psychiatric hospital. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. Jun 1987;50(6):801-3. [Medline].
Sethi KD, Hess DC, Harp RJ. Prevalence of dystonia in veterans on chronic antipsychotic therapy. Mov Disord. 1990;5(4):319-21. [Medline].
Kiriakakis V, Bhatia KP, Quinn NP, Marsden CD. The natural history of tardive dystonia. A long-term follow-up study of 107 cases. Brain. Nov 1998;121 (Pt 11):2053-66. [Medline].
Gimenez-Roldan S, Mateo D, Bartolome P. Tardive dystonia and severe tardive dyskinesia. A comparison of risk factors and prognosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. May 1985;71(5):488-94. [Medline].
Burke RE. Neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia variants. In: Lang AE, Weiner WJ, eds. Drug-Induced Movement Disorders. New York, NY: Futu; 1992:168-98.
Vandel P, Bonin B, Leveque E, et al. Tricyclic antidepressant-induced extrapyramidal side effects. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. Aug 1997;7(3):207-12. [Medline].
Gabellini AS, Pezzoli A, De Massis P, Sacquegna T. Veralipride-induced tardive dystonia in a patient with bipolar psychosis. Ital J Neurol Sci. Oct 1992;13(7):621-3. [Medline].
Chakrabarti S, Chand PK. Lithium - induced tardive dystonia. Neurol India. Dec 2002;50(4):473-5. [Medline].
Chase TN, Tamminga CA, Burrows H. Positron emission tomographic studies of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in idiopathic dystonia. Adv Neurol. 1988;50:237-41. [Medline].
Arai N, Amano N, Iseki E, et al. Tardive dyskinesia with inflated neurons of the cerebellar dentate nucleus. Case reports and morphometric study. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1987;73(1):38-42. [Medline].
Kaufman DM. Use of botulinum toxin injections for spasmodic torticollis of tardive dystonia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. Winter 1994;6(1):50-3. [Medline].
Hennings JM, Krause E, Bötzel K, Wetter TC. Successful treatment of tardive lingual dystonia with botulinum toxin: case report and review of the literature. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. Jul 1 2008;32(5):1167-71. [Medline].
Shapleske J, Mickay AP, Mckenna PJ. Successful treatment of tardive dystonia with clozapine and clonazepam. Br J Psychiatry. Apr 1996;168(4):516-8. [Medline].
Blake LM, Marks RC, Nierman P, Luchins DJ. Clozapine and clonazepam in tardive dystonia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. Aug 1991;11(4):268-9. [Medline].
Trottenberg T, Volkmann J, Deuschl G, Kühn AA, Schneider GH, Müller J. Treatment of severe tardive dystonia with pallidal deep brain stimulation. Neurology. Jan 25 2005;64(2):344-6. [Medline].
Zhang JG, Zhang K, Wang ZC. Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of tardive dystonia. Chin Med J (Engl). May 5 2006;119(9):789-92. [Medline].
Thobois S, Ballanger B, Xie-Brustolin J, Damier P, Durif F, Azulay JP, et al. Globus pallidus stimulation reduces frontal hyperactivity in tardive dystonia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. Jun 2008;28(6):1127-38. [Medline].
Gruber D, Trottenberg T, Kivi A, Schoenecker T, Kopp UA, Hoffmann KT, et al. Long-term effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation in tardive dystonia. Neurology. Jul 7 2009;73(1):53-8. [Medline].
Berg D, Becker G, Naumann M, Reiners K. Morphine in tardive and idiopathic dystonia (short communication). J Neural Transm. 2001;108(8-9):1035-41. [Medline].
Burke RE, Kang UJ. Tardive dystonia: clinical aspects and treatment. In: Jankovic J, Tolosa E, eds. Facial Dyskinesias. New York, NY: Raven; 1988:200-10.
Chatterjee A, Forrest Gordon M, Giladi N, Trosch R. Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tardive dystonia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. Dec 1997;17(6):497-8. [Medline].
Eidelberg D, Moeller JR, Ishikawa T, et al. The metabolic topography of idiopathic torsion dystonia. Brain. Dec 1995;118 (Pt 6):1473-84. [Medline].
Fahn S. Concept and classification of dystonia. Adv Neurol. 1988;50:1-8. [Medline].
Franzini A, Marras C, Ferroli P, Zorzi G, Bugiani O, Romito L. Long-term high-frequency bilateral pallidal stimulation for neuroleptic-induced tardive dystonia. Report of two cases. J Neurosurg. Apr 2005;102(4):721-5. [Medline].
Gruber D, Trottenberg T, Kivi A, Schoenecker T, Kopp UA, Hoffmann KT, et al. Long-term effects of pallidal deep brain stimulation in tardive dystonia. Neurology. Jul 7 2009;73(1):53-8. [Medline].
Manteghi A, Hojjat SK, Javanbakht A. Remission of tardive dystonia with electroconvulsive therapy. J Clin Psychopharmacol. Jun 2009;29(3):314-5. [Medline].
Reich SG. Dystonia. In: Johnson RT, Griffin JW, eds. Current Therapy in Neurologic Disease. St Louis, Mo: Mosby Year-Book; 1997:286-90.
Simpson GM. The treatment of tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61 Suppl 4:39-44. [Medline].
Suzuki T, Matsuzaka H. Drug-induced Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus): epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs. 2002;16(3):165-74. [Medline].
van Harten PN, Kahn RS. Tardive dystonia. Schizophr Bull. 1999;25(4):741-8. [Medline].
van Harten PN, Matroos GE, Van Os J. The course of tardive dystonia in Afro Caribbean patients, a population-based study: the Curacao extrapyramidal syndromes study: VII. Schizophr Res. Jan 2008;98(1-3):79-83. [Medline].

