Opioid Abuse Differential Diagnoses

  • Author: Adrian Preda, MD; Chief Editor: Eduardo Dunayevich, MD   more...
 
Updated: Feb 29, 2012
 
 

Differential Diagnoses

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Adrian Preda, MD  Health Sciences Associate Professor of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine School of Medicine

Adrian Preda, MD is a member of the following medical societies: International Congress of Schizophrenia Research, Schizophrenia International Research Society, and Society of Biological Psychiatry

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Barry I Liskow, MD  Professor of Psychiatry, Vice Chairman, Psychiatry Department, Director, Psychiatric Residency Program, University of Kansas School of Medicine; Director, Psychiatric Outpatient Clinic, The University of Kansas Medical Center

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Harold H Harsch, MD  Program Director of Geropsychiatry, Department of Geriatrics/Gerontology, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Department of Medicine, Froedtert Hospital, Medical College of Wisconsin

Harold H Harsch, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Psychiatric Association

Disclosure: lilly Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Forest Labs None None; Pfizer Grant/research funds Speaking and teaching; Northstar None None; Novartis Grant/research funds research; Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Sunovion Speaking and teaching; Otsuke Grant/research funds reseach; GlaxoSmithKline Grant/research funds research; Merck Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Chief Editor

Eduardo Dunayevich, MD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati; Clinical Research Physician, Neuroscience, Lilly Research Laboratories

Eduardo Dunayevich, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Psychiatric Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Additional Contributors

The authors and editors of eMedicine gratefully acknowledge the contributions of previous authors Ziaur Rehman, MD, Suzan Khoromi, MD, James E Douglas, MD, Steven A Adelman, MD, and William J Meehan, MD, PhD to the development and writing of this article.

References

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Schematic diagram of the brain-reward circuitry of the mammalian (laboratory rat) brain with sites at which various abusable substances appear to act to enhance brain-reward and, thus, to induce drug-taking behavior and possibly drug craving. Courtesy William & Wilkins Substance Abuse by Eliot L Gardner.KEY - Nucleus accumbens (Acc), ventral tegmental area (VTA), amygdala (AMYG), locus ceruleus (LC), dopaminergic mesolimbic system (DA), ventral pallidum (VP), noradrenergic fibers (NF), enkephalinergic outflow (ENK), frontal cortex (FCX), GABAergic inhibitory fiber system (GABA), dynorphinergic outflow (DYN),component of reward circuitry preferentially activated by electrical intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS).
 
 
 
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