eMedicine Specialties > Pulmonology > Sleep-Related Disorders

Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Multimedia

Author: Ralph Downey III, PhD, DABSM, FAASM, Associate Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neurology, Loma University School of Medicine; Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of California at Riverside; Chief, Sleep Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center and the Loma Linda University Children's Hospital
Coauthor(s): Philip M Gold, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chief of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Director of Respiratory Care, Loma Linda University Medical Center; Himanshu Wickramasinghe, MD, MBBS, Attending Physician; Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Henry Mayo Newhall Memorial Hospital, Valencia, California
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jul 30, 2009

Multimedia

Sleep-related disordered breathing continuum rang...
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Media file 1: Sleep-related disordered breathing continuum ranging from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) occupies an intermediate position between these extremes. Note areas of overlap among the conditions.
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Sleep-related disordered breathing continuum rang...

Sleep-related disordered breathing continuum ranging from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) occupies an intermediate position between these extremes. Note areas of overlap among the conditions.

Segment of a nocturnal polysomnogram shows an epi...
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Media file 2: Segment of a nocturnal polysomnogram shows an episode of mixed apnea. The initial portion of the apnea is central in origin, with cessation of both airflow and respiratory movements. The latter part of the apnea is obstructive, with an absence of airflow despite the resumption of respiratory movements.
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Segment of a nocturnal polysomnogram shows an epi...

Segment of a nocturnal polysomnogram shows an episode of mixed apnea. The initial portion of the apnea is central in origin, with cessation of both airflow and respiratory movements. The latter part of the apnea is obstructive, with an absence of airflow despite the resumption of respiratory movements.

Segment of a nocturnal polysomnogram shows an epi...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 3: Segment of a nocturnal polysomnogram shows an episode of central apnea. Airflow and respiratory movements have both ceased.
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Segment of a nocturnal polysomnogram shows an epi...

Segment of a nocturnal polysomnogram shows an episode of central apnea. Airflow and respiratory movements have both ceased.

Top image is 3-dimensional surface renderings of ...
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Media file 4: Top image is 3-dimensional surface renderings of the upper airway demonstrating the effect of progressive increases in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from 0-15 cm of water on upper-airway volume in a patient with upper airway narrowing. CPAP significantly increases airway volume in the retropalatal (RP) and retroglossal (RG) regions. Bottom image is soft tissue images in the same patient in the RP region at analogous levels of CPAP. With increasing CPAP, the upper airway progressively enlarges, particularly in the lateral dimension. Note the progressive thinning of the lateral pharyngeal walls as the level of CPAP increases. Little movement occurs in the parapharyngeal fat pads, the white structures lateral to the airway. The first image in each series depicts the baseline upper airway narrowing present in this patient.
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Top image is 3-dimensional surface renderings of ...

Top image is 3-dimensional surface renderings of the upper airway demonstrating the effect of progressive increases in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from 0-15 cm of water on upper-airway volume in a patient with upper airway narrowing. CPAP significantly increases airway volume in the retropalatal (RP) and retroglossal (RG) regions. Bottom image is soft tissue images in the same patient in the RP region at analogous levels of CPAP. With increasing CPAP, the upper airway progressively enlarges, particularly in the lateral dimension. Note the progressive thinning of the lateral pharyngeal walls as the level of CPAP increases. Little movement occurs in the parapharyngeal fat pads, the white structures lateral to the airway. The first image in each series depicts the baseline upper airway narrowing present in this patient.

More on Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Overview: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Treatment & Medication: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Follow-up: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Multimedia: Obstructive Sleep Apnea
References
Further Reading
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Keywords

obstructive sleep apnea, OSA, sleep apnea, apnea, sleep disorder, snoring, sleep-related disorder, sleep disordered breathing, SDB, central apnea, obstructive apnea, mixed apnea, hypopnea, upper airway resistance syndrome, UARS, nasal continuous positive airway pressure, nasal CPAP, CPAP, apnea index, AI respiratory disturbance index, RDI, apnea-hypopnea index, AH, PSG, polysomnography, pickwickian syndrome, excessive daytime sleepiness, EDS, uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, UPPP, respiratory event–related arousal, RERA, oral appliance, OA, bilevel positive airway pressure, BiPAP, sleep-related breathing disorder, SRBD

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Ralph Downey III, PhD, DABSM, FAASM, Associate Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Neurology, Loma University School of Medicine; Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of California at Riverside; Chief, Sleep Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center and the Loma Linda University Children's Hospital
Ralph Downey III, PhD, DABSM, FAASM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Sleep Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Philip M Gold, MD, Professor of Medicine, Chief of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Director of Respiratory Care, Loma Linda University Medical Center
Philip M Gold, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Clinical Research, American Heart Association, American Lung Association, American Medical Association, American Thoracic Society, Association of Subspecialty Professors, California Medical Association, California Thoracic Society, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society
Disclosure: Glaxo-Smith-Kline Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Covidien Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Boeringer-Ingleheim Honoraria Speaking and teaching

Himanshu Wickramasinghe, MD, MBBS, Attending Physician; Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Henry Mayo Newhall Memorial Hospital, Valencia, California
Himanshu Wickramasinghe, MD, MBBS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians and American Thoracic Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC, Professor and Head, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; Site Director, Respiratory Medicine, St Boniface General Hospital
Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Thoracic Society, Canadian Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Royal Society of Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and World Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Daniel R Ouellette, MD, FCCP, Associate Professor of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine Service, Henry Ford Health System
Daniel R Ouellette, MD, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians and American Thoracic Society
Disclosure: Boehringer Ingleheim Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching

CME Editor

Timothy D Rice, MD, Associate Professor, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Timothy D Rice, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Zab Mosenifar, MD, Director, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Director, Women's Guild Pulmonary Disease Institute, Executive Vice Chair, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Zab Mosenifar, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, and American Thoracic Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
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