Diaphragmatic Paralysis: Multimedia

References

1. Kumar N, Folger WN, Bolton CF. Dyspnea as the predominant manifestation of bilateral phrenic neuropathy. Mayo Clin Proc. Dec 2004;79(12):1563-5. [Medline].

2. Ulku R, Onat S, Balci A, Eren N. Phrenic nerve injury after blunt trauma. Int Surg. Apr-Jun 2005;90(2):93-5. [Medline].

3. Gierada DS, Slone RM, Fleishman MJ. Imaging evaluation of the diaphragm. Chest Surg Clin N Am. May 1998;8(2):237-80. [Medline].

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5. Lloyd T, Tang YM, Benson MD, King S. Diaphragmatic paralysis: the use of M mode ultrasound for diagnosis in adults. Spinal Cord. Aug 2006;44(8):505-8. [Medline].

6. Ciccolella DE, Daly BD, Celli BR. Improved diaphragmatic function after surgical plication for unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. Am Rev Respir Dis. Sep 1992;146(3):797-9. [Medline].

7. Graham DR, Kaplan D, Evans CC, Hind CR, Donnelly RJ. Diaphragmatic plication for unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis: a 10-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg. Feb 1990;49(2):248-51; discussion 252. [Medline].

8. Versteegh MI, Braun J, Voigt PG, et al. Diaphragm plication in adult patients with diaphragm paralysis leads to long-term improvement of pulmonary function and level of dyspnea. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. Sep 2007;32(3):449-56. [Medline].

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Further Reading

Clinical guideline summary 

Respiratory management following spinal cord injury: a clinical practice guideline for health-care professionals. ¹⁵

Keywords

diaphragmatic paralysis, diaphragm paralysis, diaphragm paresis, paralyzed diaphragm, diaphragmatic disorder, diaphragmatic dysfunction, diaphragm dysfunction, respiratory pump, central respiratory centers, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neuromuscular junctions, respiratory muscles, diaphragm, bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis, ventilatory support, diaphragm tumor, diaphragm mass, breathing disorder, diaphragm, diaphragm pacing, diaphragmatic pacing, diaphragm plication, diaphragmatic plication

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Nader Kamangar, MD, FACP, FCCP, FAASM,, Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Director of Hospitalist/Intensivist Program, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles; Associate Director, Combined Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellowship Program, Cedars-Sinai/Olive View-UCLA/West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Nader Kamangar, MD, FACP, FCCP, FAASM, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American Association of Bronchology, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Lung Association, American Medical Association, American Thoracic Society, California Thoracic Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Shahriar Pirouz, MD, Resident Physician, Department of Internal Medicine, Olive View University of California Los Angeles Medical Center
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC, Professor and Head, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba; Site Director, Respiratory Medicine, St Boniface General Hospital
Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Thoracic Society, Canadian Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Royal Society of Medicine, Society of Critical Care Medicine, and World Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Ryland P Byrd Jr, MD, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care Medicine, James H Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University; Chief of Pulmonary Medicine, Medical Director of Respiratory Therapy, Intensive Care Unit, Program Director of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine Fellowship, James H Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Ryland P Byrd Jr, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American Thoracic Society, and Southern Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Daniel R Ouellette, MD, FCCP, Associate Professor of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine Service, Henry Ford Health System
Daniel R Ouellette, MD, FCCP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians and American Thoracic Society
Disclosure: Boehringer Ingleheim Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching

CME Editor

Timothy D Rice, MD, Associate Professor, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine
Timothy D Rice, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics and American College of Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Zab Mosenifar, MD, Director, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Director, Women's Guild Pulmonary Disease Institute, Executive Vice Chair, Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center; Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Zab Mosenifar, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Chest Physicians, American College of Physicians, American Federation for Medical Research, and American Thoracic Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.