eMedicine Specialties > Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation > Arthritis & Connective Tissue Disorders
Osteoarthritis: Multimedia
Updated: Jul 16, 2009
Multimedia
 | Media file 1: This radiograph demonstrates osteoarthritis of the right hip, including the finding of sclerosis at the superior aspect of the acetabulum. Frequently, osteoarthritis at the hip is a bilateral finding, but it may occur unilaterally in an individual who has a previous history of hip trauma that was confined to that one side. |
 | Media file 2: This radiograph shows a knee without significant osteoarthritis (for comparison with radiographs demonstrating osteoarthritis). |
 | Media file 3: This radiograph (lateral view) demonstrates a knee without significant osteoarthritis (for comparison with osteoarthritis radiographs). |
 | Media file 4: This radiograph demonstrates osteoarthritis of bilateral knees. Radiographic findings of osteoarthritis are often graded using the Kellgren-Lawrence Grading System. These knees would be classified as Kellgren grade III. |
 | Media file 5: Osteoarthritis of the knee, Kellgren stage III. |
 | Media file 6: Osteoarthritis of the knee, Kellgren stage III. |
 | Media file 7: Osteoarthritis of the bilateral knees, Kellgren stage II. |
 | Media file 8: Osteoarthritis of the right knee, Kellgren stage II. |
 | Media file 9: Osteoarthritis of the left knee, Kellgren stage II. |
 | Media file 10: This radiograph demonstrates osteoarthritis of the cervical spine. Note the bridging osteophytes between the spinous processes, as well as the significant degree of degenerative disk disease. |
 | Media file 11: This radiograph demonstrates osteoarthritis of the cervical spine. Note the bridging osteophytes seen between the spinous processes. |
 | Media file 12: Osteoarthritis of the cervical spine, anteroposterior view. |
 | Media file 13: Osteoarthritis of the elbow is not commonly seen; however, it can occur with a history of previous trauma. |
 | Media file 14: Osteoarthritis of the elbow is not commonly seen; however, it can occur with a history of previous trauma. |
 | Media file 15: Osteoarthritis of the elbow is not commonly seen; however, it can occur with a history of previous trauma. |
More on Osteoarthritis |
| Overview: Osteoarthritis |
| Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Osteoarthritis |
| Treatment & Medication: Osteoarthritis |
| Follow-up: Osteoarthritis |
 Multimedia: Osteoarthritis |
| References |
| « Previous Page |
References
Poole AR. An introduction to the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Front Biosci. Oct 15 1999;4:D662-70. [Medline].
D'Ambrosia RD. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis. Orthopedics. Feb 2005;28(2 Suppl):s201-5. [Medline].
Felson DT. Epidemiology of hip and knee osteoarthritis. Epidemiol Rev. 1988;10:1-28. [Medline].
Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Naimark A. Obesity and knee osteoarthritis. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. Jul 1 1988;109(1):18-24. [Medline].
Felson DT. Risk factors for osteoarthritis: understanding joint vulnerability. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Oct 2004;S16-21. [Medline].
Brandt KD. A pessimistic view of serologic markers for diagnosis and management of osteoarthritis. Biochemical, immunologic and clinicopathologic barriers. J Rheumatol Suppl. Aug 1989;18:39-42. [Medline].
Chan WP, Lang P, Stevens MP. Osteoarthritis of the knee: comparison of radiography, CT, and MR imaging to assess extent and severity. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Oct 1991;157(4):799-806. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Kornaat PR, Bloem JL, Ceulemans RY, et al. Osteoarthritis of the knee: association between clinical features and MR imaging findings. Radiology. Jun 2006;239(3):811-7. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Kornaat PR, Ceulemans RY, Kroon HM, et al. MRI assessment of knee osteoarthritis: Knee Osteoarthritis Scoring System (KOSS)--inter-observer and intra-observer reproducibility of a compartment-based scoring system. Skeletal Radiol. Feb 2005;34(2):95-102. [Medline].
Kraus VB, McDaniel G, Worrell TW, et al. Association of bone scintigraphic abnormalities with knee malalignment and pain. Ann Rheum Dis. Nov 3 2008;[Medline].
Roddy E, Doherty M. Changing life-styles and osteoarthritis: what is the evidence?. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. Feb 2006;20(1):81-97. [Medline].
Perrot S, Poiraudeau S, Kabir M, et al. Active or passive pain coping strategies in hip and knee osteoarthritis? Results of a national survey of 4,719 patients in a primary care setting. Arthritis Rheum. Oct 30 2008;59(11):1555-62. [Medline].
[Best Evidence] Jan MH, Lin CH, Lin YF, et al. Effects of weight-bearing versus nonweight-bearing exercise on function, walking speed, and position sense in participants with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Jun 2009;90(6):897-904. [Medline].
[Best Evidence] Chaipinyo K, Karoonsupcharoen O. No difference between home-based strength training and home-based balance training on pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomised trial. Aust J Physiother. 2009;55(1):25-30. [Medline].
Marks R, Allegrante JP. Chronic osteoarthritis and adherence to exercise: a review of the literature. J Aging Phys Act. Oct 2005;13(4):434-60. [Medline].
Godwin M, Dawes M. Intra-articular steroid injections for painful knees. Systematic review with meta-analysis. Can Fam Physician. Feb 2004;50:241-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Lambert RG, Hutchings EJ, Grace MG, et al. Steroid injection for osteoarthritis of the hip: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. Jul 2007;56(7):2278-87. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Stitik TP, Levy JA. Viscosupplementation (biosupplementation) for osteoarthritis. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Nov 2006;85(11 Suppl):S32-50. [Medline].
Bellamy N, Campbell J, Robinson V, et al. Viscosupplementation for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;CD005321.
Altman RD, Moskowitz R. Intraarticular sodium hyaluronate (Hyalgan) in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized clinical trial. Hyalgan Study Group [published erratum appears in J Rheumatol 1999 May;26(5):1216]. J Rheumatol. Nov 1998;25(11):2203-12. [Medline].
Stitik TP, Blacksin MF, Stiskal DM, et al. Efficacy and safety of hyaluronan treatment in combination therapy with home exercise for knee osteoarthritis pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Feb 2007;88(2):135-41. [Medline].
Waddell DD, Kolomytkin OV, Dunn S, et al. Hyaluronan suppresses IL-1beta-induced metalloproteinase activity from synovial tissue. Clin Orthop Relat Res. Dec 2007;465:241-8. [Medline].
Goldberg VM, Buckwalter JA. Hyaluronans in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: evidence for disease-modifying activity. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. Mar 2005;13(3):216-24. [Medline].
Liu H, Abbott J, Bee JA. Pulsed electromagnetic fields influence hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix composition without affecting molecular structure. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. Mar 1996;4(1):63-76. [Medline].
Zizic TM, Hoffman KC, Holt PA, et al. The treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee with pulsed electrical stimulation. J Rheumatol. Sep 1995;22(9):1757-61. [Medline].
Ying KN, While A. Pain relief in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: TENS. Br J Community Nurs. Aug 2007;12(8):364-71. [Medline].
Selfe TK, Taylor AG. Acupuncture and osteoarthritis of the knee: a review of randomized, controlled trials. Fam Community Health. Jul-Sep 2008;31(3):247-54. [Medline].
Recommendations for the medical management of osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: 2000 update. American College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Osteoarthritis Guidelines. Arthritis Rheum. Sep 2000;43(9):1905-15. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Arokoski JP. Physical therapy and rehabilitation programs in the management of hip osteoarthritis. Eura Medicophys. Jun 2005;41(2):155-61. [Medline].
Bijlsma JW, Dekker J. A step forward for exercise in the management of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). Jan 2005;44(1):5-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Blount WP. Don't throw away the cane. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Jun 1956;38-A(3):695-708. [Medline].
Bradley JD, Brandt KD, Katz BP. Comparison of an antiinflammatory dose of ibuprofen, an analgesic dose of ibuprofen, and acetaminophen in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. N Engl J Med. Jul 11 1991;325(2):87-91. [Medline].
Garstang SV, Stitik TP. Osteoarthritis: epidemiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Nov 2006;85(11 Suppl):S2-11; quiz S12-4. [Medline].
Hochberg MC, Altman RD, Brandt KD. Guidelines for the medical management of osteoarthritis. Part II. Osteoarthritis of the knee. American College of Rheumatology. Arthritis Rheum. Nov 1995;38(11):1541-6. [Medline].
Jacobsen S, Sonne-Holm S. Hip dysplasia: a significant risk factor for the development of hip osteoarthritis. A cross-sectional survey. Rheumatology (Oxford). Feb 2005;44(2):211-8. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Manninen P, Riihimaki H, Heliövaara M, et al. Weight changes and the risk of knee osteoarthritis requiring arthroplasty. Ann Rheum Dis. Nov 2004;63(11):1434-7. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Mendelson S, Milgrom C, Finestone A. Effect of cane use on tibial strain and strain rates. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Jul-Aug 1998;77(4):333-8. [Medline].
van den Ende E. Taping reduces pain and disability in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Aust J Physiother. 2004;50(3):186. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
osteoarthritis, arthritis, joint pain, arthritis pain, knee pain, knee arthritis, hip arthritis, arthritic, degenerative joint disease, synovial, synovial joint, osteoarthritis knee, osteoarthritis treatment, treatment of osteoarthritis, arthroplasty, joint replacement, osteoarthrosis, synovial joints, osteophytes, synoviocytes, hyaluronic acid, hyaluronate, HA, repetitive joint use, crystal deposition, acromegaly, rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, alkaptonuria, hemochromatosis, Wilson disease, Wilson's disease, hemoglobinopathies, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, Charcot joint, Charcot'sjoint, syringomyelia, tabes dorsalis, diabetes, congenital hip dislocation, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Paget disease, Paget's disease, avascular necrosis
