Cerebral Palsy: Multimedia

References

1. Bax M, Goldstein M, Rosenbaum P, et al. Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy, April 2005. Dev Med Child Neurol. Aug 2005;47(8):571-6. [Medline].

2. Badawi N, Watson L, Petterson B, et al. What constitutes cerebral palsy?. Dev Med Child Neurol. Aug 1998;40(8):520-7. [Medline].

3. Dabney KW, Lipton GE, Miller F. Cerebral palsy. Curr Opin Pediatr. Feb 1997;9(1):81-8. [Medline].

4. Jones MW, Morgan E, Shelton JE, et al. Cerebral palsy: introduction and diagnosis (part I). J Pediatr Health Care. May-Jun 2007;21(3):146-52. [Medline].

5. Girard S, Kadhim H, Roy M, et al. Role of perinatal inflammation in cerebral palsy. Pediatr Neurol. Mar 2009;40(3):168-74. [Medline].

6. Mayston MJ. People with cerebral palsy: effects of and perspectives for therapy. Neural Plast. 2001;8(1-2):51-69. [Medline].

7. Mattern-Baxter K. Effects of partial body weight supported treadmill training on children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther. Spring 2009;21(1):12-22. [Medline].

8. Verrall TC, Berenbaum S, Chad KE, et al. Children with cerebral palsy: caregivers' nutrition knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2000;61(3):128-34. [Medline].

9. Scholtes VA, Dallmeijer AJ, Knol DL, et al. The combined effect of lower-limb multilevel botulinum toxin type a and comprehensive rehabilitation on mobility in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Dec 2006;87(12):1551-8. [Medline].

10. Dai AI, Wasay M, Awan S. Botulinum toxin type A with oral baclofen versus oral tizanidine: a nonrandomized pilot comparison in patients with cerebral palsy and spastic equinus foot deformity. J Child Neurol. Dec 2008;23(12):1464-6. [Medline].

11. Yang EJ, Rha DW, Kim HW, Park ES. Comparison of botulinum toxin type A injection and soft-tissue surgery to treat hip subluxation in children with cerebral palsy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Nov 2008;89(11):2108-13. [Medline].

12. Pascual-Pascual SI, Pascual-Castroviejo I. Safety of botulinum toxin type A in children younger than 2 years. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. Nov 24 2008;[Medline].

13. Abstracts of the 5th International Congress on Cerebral Palsy. Bled, Slovenia, 7-10 June 2001. Brain Dev. Jun 2001;23(3):145-93. [Medline].

14. Kuban KC, Leviton A. Cerebral palsy. N Engl J Med. Jan 20 1994;330(3):188-95. [Medline].

15. Matthews DJ, Wilson P. Cerebral palsy. In: Molnar GE, Alexander MA, eds. Pediatric Rehabilitation. 3^rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Hanley & Belfus; 1999:192-217.

16. Taketomo CT, Hodding JH, Kraus DM. Pediatric Dosage Handbook. 4^th ed. Cleveland, Ohio: Lexi-Comp; 1997.

Further Reading

Keywords

cerebral palsy, palsy, spastic, spasticity, hemiplegia, quadriplegia, diplegia, palsy treatment, children with cerebral palsy, cerebral palsy symptoms, cerebral palsy treatment, spastic diplegia, spastic cerebral palsy, ataxic cerebral palsy, spastic quadriplegia, spastic monoplegia, cerebral palsy causes, monoplegia, encephalopathy, spastic palsy, dyskinetic palsy, ataxic palsy

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Christine Thorogood, MD, Associate Professor of Pediatric Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Eastern Virginia Medical School
Christine Thorogood, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Michael A Alexander, MD, FAAPMR, FAAP, Professor, Chief of Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics and Rehabilitation Medicine, Thomas Jefferson Medical College; Chief of Rehabilitation Medicine, Alfred I duPont Hospital for Children
Michael A Alexander, MD, FAAPMR, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Medical Association, and Association of Academic Physiatrists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Teresa L Massagli, MD, Residency Director, Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine
Teresa L Massagli, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Association of Academic Physiatrists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Kat Kolaski, MD, Assistant Professor, Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Kat Kolaski, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine and American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Kelly L Allen, MD, Regional Medical Director, IMX-Medical Management Services
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Denise I Campagnolo, MD, MS, Director of Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research and Staff Physiatrist, Barrow Neurology Clinics, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Investigator for Barrow Neurology Clinics; Director, NARCOMS Project for Consortium of MS Centers
Denise I Campagnolo, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Paraplegia Society, Association of Academic Physiatrists, and Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers
Disclosure: Teva Neuroscience Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Serono-Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching