eMedicine Specialties > Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation > Spinal Cord Injury

Brown-Sequard Syndrome: Multimedia

Author: Carol Vandenakker-Albanese, MD, Director, Post-Polio Clinic, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California at Davis Health System; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Director, University of California at Davis
Coauthor(s): Holly Zhao, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis Health System
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jul 31, 2008

Multimedia

American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairm...Media file 1: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale.
American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairm...

American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale.

American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) standar...Media file 2: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) standard neurologic classification of spinal cord injury.
American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) standar...

American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) standard neurologic classification of spinal cord injury.

More on Brown-Sequard Syndrome

Overview: Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Treatment & Medication: Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Follow-up: Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Multimedia: Brown-Sequard Syndrome
References

References

  1. McCarron MO, Flynn PA, Pang KA, et al. Traumatic Brown-Séquard-plus syndrome. Arch Neurol. Sep 2001;58(9):1470-2. [Medline][Full Text].

  2. Spinal Cord Injury Information Network. Facts and Figures at a Glance. 2008;[Full Text].

  3. McKinley W, Santos K, Meade M, et al. Incidence and outcomes of spinal cord injury clinical syndromes. J Spinal Cord Med. 2007;30(3):215-24. [Medline][Full Text].

  4. Hayes KC, Hsieh JT, Wolfe DL, et al. Classifying incomplete spinal cord injury syndromes: algorithms based on the International Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Cord Injury Patients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. May 2000;81(5):644-52. [Medline].

  5. Moin H, Khalili HA. Brown Séquard syndrome due to cervical pen assault. J Clin Forensic Med. Apr 2006;13(3):144-5. [Medline].

  6. Chen PY, Lin CY, Tzaan WC, et al. Brown-Sequard syndrome caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum. J Clin Neurosci. Sep 2007;14(9):887-90. [Medline].

  7. Clatterbuck RE, Belzberg AJ, Ducker TB. Intradural cervical disc herniation and Brown-Séquard's syndrome. Report of three cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg. Apr 2000;92(2 Suppl):236-40. [Medline].

  8. Jacobsohn M, Semple P, Dunn R, et al. Stab injuries to the spinal cord: a retrospective study on clinical findings and magnetic resonance imaging changes. Neurosurgery. Dec 2007;61(6):1262-6; discussion 1266-7. [Medline].

  9. Parmar H, Park P, Brahma B, et al. Imaging of idiopathic spinal cord herniation. Radiographics. Mar-Apr 2008;28(2):511-8. [Medline].

  10. Miranda P, Gomez P, Alday R, et al. Brown-Sequard syndrome after blunt cervical spine trauma: clinical and radiological correlations. Eur Spine J. Aug 2007;16(8):1165-70. [Medline].

  11. Winchester PK, Williamson JW, Mitchell JH. Cardiovascular responses to static exercise in patients with Brown-Séquard syndrome. J Physiol. Aug 15 2000;527 Pt 1:193-202. [Medline][Full Text].

  12. Massicotte EM, Montanera W, Ross Fleming JF, et al. Idiopathic spinal cord herniation: report of eight cases and review of the literature. Spine. May 1 2002;27(9):E233-41. [Medline].

  13. Kohno M, Takahashi H, Yamakawa K, et al. Postoperative prognosis of Brown-Séquard-type myelopathy in patients with cervical lesions. Surg Neurol. Mar 1999;51(3):241-6. [Medline].

  14. Scivoletto G, Cosentino E, Morganti B, et al. Clinical prognostic factors for bladder function recovery of patients with spinal cord and cauda equina lesions. Disabil Rehabil. May 11 2007;1-8. [Medline].

  15. Pollard ME, Apple DF. Factors associated with improved neurologic outcomes in patients with incomplete tetraplegia. Spine. Jan 1 2003;28(1):33-9. [Medline].

  16. Little JW, Halar E. Temporal course of motor recovery after Brown-Sequard spinal cord injuries. Paraplegia. Feb 1985;23(1):39-46. [Medline].

  17. Antich PA, Sanjuan AC, Girvent FM, et al. High cervical disc herniation and Brown-Sequard syndrome. A case report and review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Br. May 1999;81(3):462-3. [Medline][Full Text].

  18. Blackwell TL, Krause JS, Winkler T, et al. Spinal Cord Injury Desk Reference: Guidelines for Life Care Planning and Case Management. New York, NY: Demos Medical Pub; 2001.

  19. Brugieres P, Malapert D, Adle-Biassette H, et al. Idiopathic spinal cord herniation: value of MR phase-contrast imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. May 1999;20(5):935-9. [Medline][Full Text].

  20. Cervical Spine Research Society, Editorial Committee. The Cervical Spine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott; 1989.

  21. Ellger T, Schul C, Heindel W, et al. Idiopathic spinal cord herniation causing progressive Brown-Séquard syndrome. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. Jun 2006;108(4):388-91. [Medline].

  22. Francis D, Batchelor P, Gates P. Posttraumatic spinal cord herniation. J Clin Neurosci. Jun 2006;13(5):582-6. [Medline].

  23. Gorman PH, Wuolle KS, Peckham PH, et al. Patient selection for an upper extremity neuroprosthesis in tetraplegic individuals. Spinal Cord. Sep 1997;35(9):569-73. [Medline].

  24. Hwang W, Ralph J, Marco E, et al. Incomplete Brown-Séquard syndrome after methamphetamine injection into the neck. Neurology. Jun 24 2003;60(12):2015-6. [Medline].

  25. Longo MJ, Jaffe CC. Images in clinical medicine. Electrical alternans. N Engl J Med. Dec 30 1999;341(27):2060. [Medline].

  26. Hochschuler SH, Cotler HB, Guyer RD, eds. Rehabilitation of the Spine: Science and Practice. St Louis, Mo: Mosby; 1993.

  27. Stover SL. Clinical Outcomes from the Model Systems. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Pubs; 1995.

  28. Tattersall R, Turner B. Brown-Séquard and his syndrome. Lancet. Jul 1 2000;356(9223):61-3. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

Brown-Séquard syndrome, Brown-Séquard's syndrome, Brown-Séquard-plus syndrome, hemisection of the spinal cord, hemisection syndrome, partial spinal sensory syndrome

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Carol Vandenakker-Albanese, MD, Director, Post-Polio Clinic, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California at Davis Health System; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Residency Director, University of California at Davis
Carol Vandenakker-Albanese, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American College of Sports Medicine, American Medical Association, American Paraplegia Society, American Spinal Injury Association, Association of Academic Physiatrists, Florida Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Physiatric Association of Spine, Sports and Occupational Rehabilitation
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Holly Zhao, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California Davis Health System
Holly Zhao, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Medical Acupuncture, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Medical Association, and Association of Academic Physiatrists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Elizabeth A Moberg-Wolff, MD, Associate Professor and Pediatric PM&R Fellowship Director, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical College of Wisconsin; Program Director, Tone Management and Mobility, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
Elizabeth A Moberg-Wolff, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine and American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Disclosure: Medtronic Neurological Grant/research funds Speaking and teaching

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Michael T Andary, MD, MS, Residency Program Director, Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine
Michael T Andary, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Medical Association, and Association of Academic Physiatrists
Disclosure: allergan Honoraria Speaking and teaching

CME Editor

Kelly L Allen, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Lourdes Regional Rehabilitation Center, Our Lady of Lourdes Medical Center
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Denise I Campagnolo, MD, MS, Director of Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research and Staff Physiatrist, Barrow Neurology Clinics, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Investigator for Barrow Neurology Clinics; Director, NARCOMS Project for Consort
Denise I Campagnolo, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Paraplegia Society, Association of Academic Physiatrists, and Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers
Disclosure: Teva Neuroscience Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Serono-Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching

 
 
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