eMedicine Specialties > Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation > Stroke

Motor Recovery In Stroke: Multimedia

Author: Auri Bruno-Petrina, MD, PhD, Clinical Trainee, Pemberton Marine Medical Clinic, N Vancouver
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Oct 6, 2009

Multimedia

When the brain suffers an injury, such as a strok...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 1: When the brain suffers an injury, such as a stroke, neurons release glutamate onto nearby neurons, which become excited and overloaded with calcium, after which they die (left). Normal neurotransmission (above) is altered during injury, causing excess calcium to activate enzymes, eventually leading to destruction of the cell. Since this process occurs via glutamate receptors, including N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, scientists believe that damage can be stopped through the use of agents that block these receptors.
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When the brain suffers an injury, such as a strok...

When the brain suffers an injury, such as a stroke, neurons release glutamate onto nearby neurons, which become excited and overloaded with calcium, after which they die (left). Normal neurotransmission (above) is altered during injury, causing excess calcium to activate enzymes, eventually leading to destruction of the cell. Since this process occurs via glutamate receptors, including N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, scientists believe that damage can be stopped through the use of agents that block these receptors.

Large intracerebral hemorrhage with midline shift.
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Media file 2: Large intracerebral hemorrhage with midline shift.
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Large intracerebral hemorrhage with midline shift.

Large intracerebral hemorrhage with midline shift.

The bar graphs show the percentages of patients w...
(Enlarge Image)
Media file 3: The bar graphs show the percentages of patients with stroke who demonstrated different outcomes on the modified Rankin Scale of global disability. These results were recorded 3 months following treatment of patients with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or placebo, in the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke tPA trials 1 and 2. Rankin 0 = no symptoms; 1 = no significant disability, despite symptoms (able to perform all usual duties and activities); 2 = slight disability (unable to perform all previous activities but able to look after own affairs without assistance); 3 = moderate disability (requires some help, but able to walk without assistance); 4 = moderately severe disability (unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance); 5 = severe disability (bedridden, incontinent, and requires constant nursing care and attention); 6 = dead. Image courtesy of UCLA Stroke Center.
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The bar graphs show the percentages of patients w...

The bar graphs show the percentages of patients with stroke who demonstrated different outcomes on the modified Rankin Scale of global disability. These results were recorded 3 months following treatment of patients with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) or placebo, in the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke tPA trials 1 and 2. Rankin 0 = no symptoms; 1 = no significant disability, despite symptoms (able to perform all usual duties and activities); 2 = slight disability (unable to perform all previous activities but able to look after own affairs without assistance); 3 = moderate disability (requires some help, but able to walk without assistance); 4 = moderately severe disability (unable to walk without assistance and unable to attend to own bodily needs without assistance); 5 = severe disability (bedridden, incontinent, and requires constant nursing care and attention); 6 = dead. Image courtesy of UCLA Stroke Center.

More on Motor Recovery In Stroke

Overview: Motor Recovery In Stroke
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Motor Recovery In Stroke
Treatment & Medication: Motor Recovery In Stroke
Follow-up: Motor Recovery In Stroke
Multimedia: Motor Recovery In Stroke
References
Further Reading
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Keywords

stroke, strokes, stroke rehabilitation, stroke patients, hemiplegia, hemiplegic, brain stroke, after stroke, after a stroke, stroke motor, stroke recovery, stroke therapy, Brunnstrom, stroke rehab, post stroke, stroke exercises, stroke exercise, rehabilitation for stroke, treatment for stroke, treatment of stroke, stroke occupational therapy, neuroplasticity, recovery after cerebrovascular accident, recovery of neurologic function, stroke impairments

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Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Auri Bruno-Petrina, MD, PhD, Clinical Trainee, Pemberton Marine Medical Clinic, N Vancouver
Auri Bruno-Petrina, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Canadian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia, and International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Milton J Klein, DO, MBA, Consulting Physiatrist, Heritage Valley Health System-Sewickley Hospital, Allegheny General Hospital, and Ohio Valley General Hospital.
Milton J Klein, DO, MBA is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Disability Evaluating Physicians, American Academy of Medical Acupuncture, American Academy of Osteopathy, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Medical Association, American Osteopathic Association, American Osteopathic College of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American Pain Society, and Pennsylvania Medical Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: eMedicine Salary Employment

Managing Editor

Richard Salcido, MD, Chairman, Erdman Professor of Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Richard Salcido, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pain Medicine, American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, American College of Physician Executives, American Medical Association, and American Paraplegia Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Kelly L Allen, MD, Regional Medical Director, IMX-Medical Management Services
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Denise I Campagnolo, MD, MS, Director of Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Research and Staff Physiatrist, Barrow Neurology Clinics, St Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center; Investigator for Barrow Neurology Clinics; Director, NARCOMS Project for Consortium of MS Centers
Denise I Campagnolo, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, American Paraplegia Society, Association of Academic Physiatrists, and Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers
Disclosure: Teva Neuroscience Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Serono-Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Genzyme Corporation Grant/research funds investigator; Biogen Idec Grant/research funds investigator; Genentech, Inc Grant/research funds investigator; Eli Lilly & Company Grant/research funds Novaritis; Novaritis  Novaritis; MSDx LLC Grant/research funds investigator; BioMS Technology Corp Grant/research funds investigator; Avanir Pharmaceuticals Grant/research funds investigator

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