Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author
Ramesh Pappu, MD Adjunct Associate Professor of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine
Ramesh Pappu, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin and American College of Rheumatology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Coauthor(s)
Mythili Seetharaman, MD Consultant Rheumatologist, OAA, Allentown, PA; Clinical Assistant Professor, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital; Consulting Staff, Einstein Arthritis Center, Albert Einstein Medical Center, St Christopher's Hospital for Children
Mythili Seetharaman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Rheumatology and American Medical Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Chief Editor
Herbert S Diamond, MD Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Chairman Emeritus, Department of Internal Medicine, Western Pennsylvania Hospital
Herbert S Diamond, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, American College of Rheumatology, American Medical Association, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Merck Ownership interest Other; Smith Kline Ownership interest Other; Zimmer Ownership interest Other
Additional Contributors
Michael S Beeson, MD, MBA, FACEP, Professor of Emergency Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine and Pharmacy; Attending Faculty, Akron General Medical Center
Michael S Beeson, MD, MBA, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors, National Association of EMS Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Thomas H Brannagan III, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology and Director, Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Co-Director, EMG Laboratory, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia Campus, New York
Thomas H Brannagan III, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and Peripheral Nerve Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Lawrence H Brent, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Chair, Program Director, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein Medical Center
Lawrence H Brent, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Immunologists, American College of Physicians, and American College of Rheumatology
Disclosure: Genentech Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Genentech Grant/research funds Other; Amgen Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Abbott Immunology Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Takeda Honoraria Speaking and teaching; UCB Speaking and teaching; Omnicare Consulting fee Consulting; Centocor Consulting fee Consulting
Zaineb Daud, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Pennsylvania Hahnemann University
Disclosure: None
Gino A Farina, MD, FACEP, FAAEM, Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center
Gino A Farina, MD, FACEP, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, MD, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, St Louis University School of Medicine
Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, MD, MSc, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and Movement Disorders Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Aamir Hashmat, MD, Consulting Staff, Neurology and Neurodiagnostics Lab, Department of Neurology, Jeff Anderson Regional Medical Center
Aamir Hashmat, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Epilepsy Society; American Medical Association, AO Foundation
Disclosure: None
Milind J Kothari, DO, Professor and Vice-Chair, Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center
Milind J Kothari, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and American Neurological Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Kristine M Lohr, MD, MS, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for the Advancement of Women's Health and Division of Rheumatology, Director, Rheumatology Training Program, University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Kristine M Lohr, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American College of Rheumatology, and American Medical Women's Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Glenn Lopate, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine; Director of Neurology Clinic, St Louis ConnectCare; Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Glenn Lopate, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Nicholas Lorenzo, MD, Consulting Staff, Neurology Specialists and Consultants
Nicholas Lorenzo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Neurology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Henry Rosenkranz, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, Department of Emergency Medicine, Norwood Hospital
Henry Rosenkranz, MD, FAAEM, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine and American College of Emergency Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Erik D Schraga, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mills-Peninsula Emergency Medical Associates
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Medscape Reference Salary Employment
Additional Contributors
Michael S Beeson, MD, MBA, FACEP, Professor of Emergency Medicine, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine and Pharmacy; Attending Faculty, Akron General Medical Center
Michael S Beeson, MD, MBA, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Emergency Physicians, Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors, National Association of EMS Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Thomas H Brannagan III, MD, Associate Professor of Clinical Neurology and Director, Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons; Co-Director, EMG Laboratory, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia Campus, New York
Thomas H Brannagan III, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and Peripheral Nerve Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Lawrence H Brent, MD, Associate Professor of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Chair, Program Director, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein Medical Center
Lawrence H Brent, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Association of Immunologists, American College of Physicians, and American College of Rheumatology
Disclosure: Genentech Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Genentech Grant/research funds Other; Amgen Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Pfizer Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Abbott Immunology Honoraria Speaking and teaching; Takeda Honoraria Speaking and teaching; UCB Speaking and teaching; Omnicare Consulting fee Consulting; Centocor Consulting fee Consulting
Zaineb Daud, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Pennsylvania Hahnemann University
Disclosure: None
Gino A Farina, MD, FACEP, FAAEM, Associate Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine; Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center
Gino A Farina, MD, FACEP, FAAEM is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, and Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, MD, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, St Louis University School of Medicine
Francisco de Assis Aquino Gondim, MD, MSc, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and Movement Disorders Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Aamir Hashmat, MD, Consulting Staff, Neurology and Neurodiagnostics Lab, Department of Neurology, Jeff Anderson Regional Medical Center
Aamir Hashmat, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Epilepsy Society; American Medical Association, AO Foundation
Disclosure: None
Milind J Kothari, DO, Professor and Vice-Chair, Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine; Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, Penn State Milton S Hershey Medical Center
Milind J Kothari, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and American Neurological Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Kristine M Lohr, MD, MS, Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Center for the Advancement of Women's Health and Division of Rheumatology, Director, Rheumatology Training Program, University of Kentucky College of Medicine
Kristine M Lohr, MD, MS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Physicians, American College of Rheumatology, and American Medical Women's Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Glenn Lopate, MD, Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine; Director of Neurology Clinic, St Louis ConnectCare; Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, Barnes-Jewish Hospital
Glenn Lopate, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine, and Phi Beta Kappa
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Nicholas Lorenzo, MD, Consulting Staff, Neurology Specialists and Consultants
Nicholas Lorenzo, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha and American Academy of Neurology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Henry Rosenkranz, MD, FAAEM, FACEP, Department of Emergency Medicine, Norwood Hospital
Henry Rosenkranz, MD, FAAEM, FACEP is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Emergency Medicine and American College of Emergency Physicians
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.
Erik D Schraga, MD, Staff Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Mills-Peninsula Emergency Medical Associates
Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference
Disclosure: Medscape Reference Salary Employment
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