Intervention
Medicolegal Pitfalls
- The mainstay of LC detection is HRCT scanning.
- Although HRCT scanning is a sensitive technique, the findings may not be diagnostic.
- LC must not be confused with other, perhaps curable, conditions, such as lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma, or with benign entities, such as sarcoidosis.31
See also the Medscape Resource Center Medical Malpractice and Legal Issues.
Ramesh Chandra Raja, MBChB, FRCR, Consulting Staff, Department of Radiology, Rochdale Healthcare NHS Trust, assisted with this article.
More on Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis |
| Overview: Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis |
| Imaging: Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis |
Follow-up: Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis |
| Multimedia: Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis |
| References |
| « Previous Page | Next Page » |
References
Mapel DW, Fei RH, Crowell RE. Adenocarcinoma of the lung presenting as a diffuse interstitial process in a 25-year-old man. Lung Cancer. Sep 1996;15(2):239-44. [Medline].
Stein DL, Freeman LM. Lymphangitic spread of breast carcinoma: scintigraphic pattern with chest x-ray and computed tomography correlation. Clin Nucl Med. Sep 2005;30(9):615-6. [Medline].
Scala R, Aronne D, Del Prato B, et al. Endobronchial metastasis from stomach carcinoma. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. Feb 2000;55(1):6-8. [Medline].
Miller KS, Miller JM. Imaging case of the month. Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis from adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Md Med J. Nov 1994;43(11):989-90. [Medline].
Perez-Lasala G, Cannon DT, Mansel JK, et al. Case report: lymphangitic carcinomatosis from cervical carcinoma--an unusual presentation of diffuse interstitial lung disease. Am J Med Sci. Mar 1992;303(3):174-6. [Medline].
Sawin SW, Aikins JK, Van Hoeuen KH, et al. Recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with pulmonary lymphangitic metastasis. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. Jan 1995;48(1):85-90. [Medline].
Wu JW, Chiles C. Lymphangitic carcinomatosis from prostate carcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. Sep-Oct 1999;23(5):761-3. [Medline].
Shin MS, Shingleton HM, Partridge EE, et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Patterns of thoracic metastases. Invest Radiol. Dec 1995;30(12):724-9. [Medline].
Descombes E, Gardiol D, Leuenberger P. Transbronchial lung biopsy: an analysis of 530 cases with reference to the number of samples. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. Aug 1997;52(4):324-9. [Medline].
Levy H, Horak DA, Lewis MI. The value of bronchial washings and bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Chest. Nov 1988;94(5):1028-30. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Poletti V, Poletti G, Murer B, et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in malignancy. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. Oct 2007;28(5):534-45. [Medline].
Ikezoe J, Godwin JD, Hunt KJ, et al. Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis: chronicity of radiographic findings in long-term survivors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Jul 1995;165(1):49-52. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Mathieson JR, Mayo JR, Staples CA, et al. Chronic diffuse infiltrative lung disease: comparison of diagnostic accuracy of CT and chest radiography. Radiology. Apr 1989;171(1):111-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Honda O, Johkoh T, Ichikado K, et al. Comparison of high resolution CT findings of sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and lymphangitic carcinoma: is there any difference of involved interstitium?. J Comput Assist Tomogr. May-Jun 1999;23(3):374-9. [Medline].
Potente G, Bellelli A, Nardis P. Specific diagnosis by CT and HRCT in six chronic lung diseases. Comput Med Imaging Graph. Jul-Aug 1992;16(4):277-82. [Medline].
Vattimo AV, Burroni L, Bertelli P, et al. The ''fragmented'' scintigraphic lung pattern in pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis secondary to breast cancer. Respiration. 1998;65(5):406-10. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Shadan S, Challa S, Hawkins RA. Unusual appearance of thromboembolism on perfusion lung imaging. Clin Nucl Med. Sep 1999;24(9):684-6. [Medline].
Bhargava R, Winer-Muram HT, Kauffman WM, et al. Chest radiographic features of thoracic metastatic disease in adolescents with colon cancer. Pediatr Radiol. 1994;24(7):491-3. [Medline].
Davis SD. CT evaluation for pulmonary metastases in patients with extrathoracic malignancy. Radiology. Jul 1991;180(1):1-12. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Hirakata K, Nakata H, Nakagawa T. CT of pulmonary metastases with pathological correlation. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. Oct 1995;16(5):379-94. [Medline].
Johkoh T, Ikezoe J, Tomiyama N, et al. CT findings in lymphangitic carcinomatosis of the lung: correlation with histologic findings and pulmonary function tests. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Jun 1992;158(6):1217-22. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Munk PL, Muller NL, Miller RR, et al. Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis: CT and pathologic findings. Radiology. Mar 1988;166(3):705-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Spillane RM, Shepard JA, DeLuca SA. High-resolution CT of the lungs. Am Fam Physician. Sep 1 1993;48(3):493-8. [Medline].
Rastogi R, Garg R, Thulkar S, et al. Unusual thoracic CT manifestations of osteosarcoma: review of 16 cases. Pediatr Radiol. Feb 2 2008;[Medline].
Zompatori M, Rimondi MR, Gavelli G, et al. Paraseptal emphysema mimicking unilateral lymphangitic carcinomatosis: CT findings. J Comput Assist Tomogr. Sep-Oct 1993;17(5):810-2. [Medline].
Kashitani N, Eda R, Masayoshi T, et al. Lobar extent of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Tl-201 chloride and Tc-99m MIBI scintigraphic findings. Clin Nucl Med. Sep 1996;21(9):726-9. [Medline].
Acikgoz G, Kim SM, Houseni M, et al. Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC): spectrum of FDG-PET findings. Clin Nucl Med. Nov 2006;31(11):673-8. [Medline].
O JH, Yoo IeR, Kim SH, et al. Clinical significance of small pulmonary nodules with little or no 18F-FDG uptake on PET/CT images of patients with nonthoracic malignancies. J Nucl Med. Jan 2007;48(1):15-21. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Acikgoz G, Kim SM, Houseni M, et al. Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis (PLC): spectrum of FDG-PET findings. Clin Nucl Med. Nov 2006;31(11):673-8. [Medline].
Digumarthy SR, Fischman AJ, Kwek BH, et al. Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography pattern of pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis. J Comput Assist Tomogr. May-Jun 2005;29(3):346-9. [Medline].
Kikuchi N, Shiozawa T, Ishii Y, et al. A patient with pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis successfully treated with TS-1 and cisplatin. Intern Med. 2007;46(8):491-4. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Herold CJ, Bankier AA, Fleischmann D. Lung metastases. Eur Radiol. 1996;6(5):596-606. [Medline].
Liau CT, Jung SM, Lim KE, et al. Pulmonary lymphangitic sarcomatosis from cutaneous angiosarcoma: an unusual presentation of diffuse interstitial lung disease. Jpn J Clin Oncol. Jan 2000;30(1):37-9. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Masson RG, Krikorian J, Lukl P, et al. Pulmonary microvascular cytology in the diagnosis of lymphangitic carcinomatosis. N Engl J Med. Jul 13 1989;321(2):71-6. [Medline].
NEJM. Pulmonary microvascular cytology in lymphangitic carcinomatosis. N Engl J Med. Jan 4 1990;322(1):59-60. [Medline].
Scalzetti EM. Unilateral pulmonary edema after talc pleurodesis. J Thorac Imaging. Apr 2001;16(2):99-102. [Medline].
Schaberg T, Orzechowski K, Oesterling C, et al. Simultaneous measurement of collagen type-VI-related antigen and procollagen type-III-N-propeptide levels in bronchoalveolar lavage. Eur Respir J. Jul 1994;7(7):1221-6. [Medline]. [Full Text].
Shanies HM, Mehta DC, Robert TL. Diagnosis of lymphangitic carcinoma to lung by sputum cytology: case report. Angiology. Nov 1995;46(11):1035-8. [Medline].
Sood N, Bandarenko N, Paradowski LJ. Case 2: acute respiratory failure secondary to lymphangitic carcinomatosis. J Clin Oncol. Jan 2000;18(1):229-32. [Medline].
Tucakovic M, Bascom R, Bascom PB. Pulmonary medicine and palliative care. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Apr 2001;15(2):291-304. [Medline].
Yamamoto T, Nakane T, Kimura T, et al. Pulmonary lymphangitic carcinomatosis from an oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a case report. Oral Oncol. Jan 2000;36(1):125-8. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
interstitial carcinoma, LC, pulmonary metastases, pulmonary lymphatics, adenocarcinomas, Kerley A lines, Kerley B lines
Follow-up: Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis