Multimedia
![]() | Media file 1: Pulmonary hypertension. Chest radiograph in a patient with secondary pulmonary hypertension reveals enlarged pulmonary arteries. This patient was found to have an atrial septal defect. |
![]() | Media file 2: Pulmonary hypertension. Spiral CT scan in a patient with pulmonary hypertension reveals enlarged pulmonary arteries and an absence of thrombosis. |
![]() | Media file 6: Pulmonary hypertension. Selective left pulmonary arteriogram reveals large central pulmonary arteries and attenuation of the peripheral vessels, without thrombi. |
More on Pulmonary Hypertension |
| Overview: Pulmonary Hypertension |
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Multimedia: Pulmonary Hypertension |
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References
[Best Evidence] Condliffe R, Kiely DG, Peacock AJ, Corris PA, Gibbs JS, Vrapi F, et al. Connective tissue disease-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension in the modern treatment era. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Jan 15 2009;179(2):151-7. [Medline].
Revel MP, Faivre JB, Remy-Jardin M, Delannoy-Deken V, Duhamel A, Remy J. Pulmonary hypertension: ECG-gated 64-section CT angiographic evaluation of new functional parameters as diagnostic criteria. Radiology. Feb 2009;250(2):558-66. [Medline].
Koito H. [The findings of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pulmonary arterial hypertension]. Nippon Rinsho. Nov 2008;66(11):2114-23. [Medline].
Devaraj A, Wells AU, Meister MG, Corte TJ, Hansell DM. The effect of diffuse pulmonary fibrosis on the reliability of CT signs of pulmonary hypertension. Radiology. Dec 2008;249(3):1042-9. [Medline].
Kovacs G, Reiter G, Reiter U, Rienmüller R, Peacock A, Olschewski H. The emerging role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary hypertension. Respiration. 2008;76(4):458-70. [Medline].
[Best Evidence] Galiè N, Manes A, Negro L, Palazzini M, Bacchi-Reggiani ML, Branzi A. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. Feb 2009;30(4):394-403. [Medline].
Barst RJ, Rubin LJ, Long WA, et al. A comparison of continuous intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) with conventional therapy for primary pulmonary hypertension. The Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study Group. N Engl J Med. Feb 1 1996;334(5):296-302. [Medline].
Abman SH. Neonatal pulmonary hypertension: A physiologic approach to treatment. Pediatr Pulmonol. Feb 2004;37 Suppl 26:127-8.
Aschner JL. New therapies for pulmonary hypertension in neonates and children. Pediatr Pulmonol. Feb 2004;37 Suppl 26:132-5.
Christman BW, McPherson CD, Newman JH, et al. An imbalance between the excretion of thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites in pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. Jul 9 1992;327(2):70-5. [Medline].
Frank H, Mlczoch J, Huber K, et al. The effect of anticoagulant therapy in primary and anorectic drug- induced pulmonary hypertension. Chest. Sep 1997;112(3):714-21. [Medline].
Fraser RG, Pare JA, Pare PD. Pulmonary hypertension and edema. In: Diagnosis of Diseases of the Chest. Vol 3. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;. 1999.
Gaine SP, Rubin LJ. Primary pulmonary hypertension [published erratum appears in Lancet 1999 Jan 2;353(9146):74]. Lancet. Aug 29 1998;352(9129):719-25. [Medline].
Gonçalves RC, Buschpigell CA, Lopes AA. Circulating blood volumes in pulmonary hypertension associated with erythrocytosis--the effects of therapeutic hemodilution. Cardiol Young. Dec 2003;13(6):544-50. [Medline].
Grossman W, Braunwald E. Pulmonary hypertension. In: Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders;. 1997.
Lilienfeld DE, Rubin LJ. Mortality from primary pulmonary hypertension in the United States, 1979-1996. Chest. Mar 2000;117(3):796-800. [Medline].
Miller SW, Waltman AC. The pulmonary circulation. In: Radiology: Diagnosis, Imaging, Intervention. Philadelphia: Lippincott;. 2001.
Morgan JM, Griffiths M, du Bois RM, Evans TW. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in systemic sclerosis and primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest. Mar 1991;99(3):551-6. [Medline].
Pistolesi M, Milne ENC. Radiology of cardiopulmonary hemodynamic disturbances. In: Radiology: Diagnosis, Imaging, and Intervention. Philadelphia: Lippincott;. 2001.
Rich S, Dantzker DR, Ayres SM, et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension. A national prospective study. Ann Intern Med. Aug 1987;107(2):216-23. [Medline].
Rich S, Kaufmann E, Levy PS. The effect of high doses of calcium-channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. Jul 9 1992;327(2):76-81. [Medline].
Rich S, Levitsky S, Brundage BH. Pulmonary hypertension from chronic pulmonary thromboembolism. Ann Intern Med. Mar 1988;108(3):425-34. [Medline].
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Rubin LJ. Primary pulmonary hypertension. Chest. Jul 1993;104(1):236-50. [Medline].
Rubin LJ. Primary pulmonary hypertension. N Engl J Med. Jan 9 1997;336(2):111-7. [Medline].
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Further Reading
Clinical guidelines
Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease. American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th edition).
American College of Chest Physicians - Medical Specialty Society. 2001 Jan (revised 2008 Jun). 92 pages. NGC:006666
(1) Medical therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. (2) 2007 addendum.
American College of Chest Physicians - Medical Specialty Society. 2004 Jul (addendum released 2007 Jun). Original guideline: 28 pages; addendum: 12 pages. NGC:005762
Guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The Task Force on Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology.
European Society of Cardiology - Medical Specialty Society. 2004. 36 pages. NGC:004058
Clinical trials
Cardiopulmonary Function Assessment and NO-Based Therapies for Patients With Hemolysis-Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Latent Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH )After Endarterectomy and Influence of Exercise and Respiratory Therapy
Pulmonary Hypertension, Hypoxia and Sickle Cell Disease
Related eMedicine topics
Pulmonary Hypertension, Secondary
Pulmonary Hypertension, Primary
Pulmonary Hypertension, Idiopathic
Pulmonary Hypertension, Eisenmenger Syndrome
Pulmonary Hypertension, High Altitude
Keywords
pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary heart disease, vascular disease, hypertension, persistent fetal circulation syndrome, cardiovascular disease, primary pulmonary hypertension, PPH, secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension, SPAH














Multimedia: Pulmonary Hypertension