eMedicine Specialties > Radiology > Obstetrics/Gynecology

Cystic Hygroma: Multimedia

Author: Durre Sabih, MBBS, MSc, Visiting Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pakistan Institute Applied Sciences and Nishtar Medical College; Director, Multan Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy
Coauthor(s): Ali Nawaz Khan, MBBS, FRCS, FRCP, FRCR, LRCP, Chairman of Medical Imaging, Professor of Radiology, NGHA, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Sumaira MacDonald, MBChB, PhD, MRCP, FRCR, Lecturer, Sheffield University Medical School; Endovascular Fellow, Sheffield Vascular Institute; Zahida Sabih, MBBS, MSc,
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jul 17, 2008

Multimedia

Normal nuchal translucency (<EM>red arrow</EM>) o...Media file 1: Normal nuchal translucency (red arrow) on a sagittal section in a fetus. The amniotic membrane is depicted separately (green arrow).
Normal nuchal translucency (<EM>red arrow</EM>) o...

Normal nuchal translucency (red arrow) on a sagittal section in a fetus. The amniotic membrane is depicted separately (green arrow).

Oblique longitudinal ultrasonogram obtained throu...Media file 2: Oblique longitudinal ultrasonogram obtained through the fetal head and thorax. The red arrow indicates cystic hygroma. Note the normal pocket of amniotic fluid.
Oblique longitudinal ultrasonogram obtained throu...

Oblique longitudinal ultrasonogram obtained through the fetal head and thorax. The red arrow indicates cystic hygroma. Note the normal pocket of amniotic fluid.

Oblique transverse ultrasonogram of the fetal sku...Media file 3: Oblique transverse ultrasonogram of the fetal skull shows posterior cystic hygroma (same patient as in Image 1).
Oblique transverse ultrasonogram of the fetal sku...

Oblique transverse ultrasonogram of the fetal skull shows posterior cystic hygroma (same patient as in Image 1).

Ultrasonogram shows a massive posterior cystic hy...Media file 4: Ultrasonogram shows a massive posterior cystic hygroma (red arrows) behind the thorax (blue arrows). Image illustrates the potential for mistaking hygromas for pockets of amniotic fluid. Note the internal septa. The green arrow indicates the spine.
Ultrasonogram shows a massive posterior cystic hy...

Ultrasonogram shows a massive posterior cystic hygroma (red arrows) behind the thorax (blue arrows). Image illustrates the potential for mistaking hygromas for pockets of amniotic fluid. Note the internal septa. The green arrow indicates the spine.

Longitudinal ultrasonogram through the fetal head...Media file 5: Longitudinal ultrasonogram through the fetal head and thorax (same patient as in Image 4) shows huge cystic hygromas extending to the top of the skull (arrows).
Longitudinal ultrasonogram through the fetal head...

Longitudinal ultrasonogram through the fetal head and thorax (same patient as in Image 4) shows huge cystic hygromas extending to the top of the skull (arrows).

Transverse ultrasonogram through the fetal neck s...Media file 6: Transverse ultrasonogram through the fetal neck shows posterior cystic hygromas extending around the neck to the anterior aspect.
Transverse ultrasonogram through the fetal neck s...

Transverse ultrasonogram through the fetal neck shows posterior cystic hygromas extending around the neck to the anterior aspect.

Ultrasonograms show large posterior cystic hygrom...Media file 7: Ultrasonograms show large posterior cystic hygromas (arrows) behind the thorax on the left and the skull on the right. Note the nuchal ligament extending backwards from the spine in both images. H indicates the heart.
Ultrasonograms show large posterior cystic hygrom...

Ultrasonograms show large posterior cystic hygromas (arrows) behind the thorax on the left and the skull on the right. Note the nuchal ligament extending backwards from the spine in both images. H indicates the heart.

Coronal ultrasonogram of a fetal thorax showing a...Media file 8: Coronal ultrasonogram of a fetal thorax showing axillary cystic hygromas (arrow) and the heart.
Coronal ultrasonogram of a fetal thorax showing a...

Coronal ultrasonogram of a fetal thorax showing axillary cystic hygromas (arrow) and the heart.

Large, posterior encephalocele. Note the underlyi...Media file 9: Large, posterior encephalocele. Note the underlying skull defect demonstrated on this ultrasonogram in a fetus with cystic hygroma.
Large, posterior encephalocele. Note the underlyi...

Large, posterior encephalocele. Note the underlying skull defect demonstrated on this ultrasonogram in a fetus with cystic hygroma.

Transverse ultrasonogram of the thorax in a fetus...Media file 10: Transverse ultrasonogram of the thorax in a fetus with hydrops. Note the thickened skin and subcutaneous tissue with multiple small cystic spaces. A fetal pleural collection is noted.
Transverse ultrasonogram of the thorax in a fetus...

Transverse ultrasonogram of the thorax in a fetus with hydrops. Note the thickened skin and subcutaneous tissue with multiple small cystic spaces. A fetal pleural collection is noted.

More on Cystic Hygroma

Overview: Cystic Hygroma
Imaging: Cystic Hygroma
Follow-up: Cystic Hygroma
Multimedia: Cystic Hygroma
References

References

  1. Charasson T, Ko-Kivok-Yun P, Martin F, et al. [Screening for trisomy 21 by measuring nuchal translucency during the first trimester of pregnancy]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1997;26(7):671-8. [Medline][Full Text].

  2. Jenderny J, Schmidt W, Hecher K, et al. Increased nuchal translucency, hydrops fetalis or hygroma colli. A new test strategy for early fetal aneuploidy detection. Fetal Diagn Ther. Jul-Aug 2001;16(4):211-4. [Medline].

  3. [Best Evidence] Graesslin O, Derniaux E, Alanio E, et al. Characteristics and outcome of fetal cystic hygroma diagnosed in the first trimester. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2007;86(12):1442-6. [Medline].

  4. Estroff JA. Nuchal translucency in Turner syndrome. In: Cohen HL, Sivit CJ, eds. Fetal and Pediatric Ultrasound. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001:36-8.

  5. Vaknin Z, Reish O, Ben-Ami I, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome abnormalities: the 8-year experience of a single medical center. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2008;23(1):76-81. [Medline].

  6. Gedikbasi A, Gul A, Sargin A, et al. Cystic hygroma and lymphangioma: associated findings, perinatal outcome and prognostic factors in live-born infants. Arch Gynecol Obstet. Nov 2007;276(5):491-8. [Medline].

  7. Bronshtein M, Bar-Hava I, Blumenfeld I, et al. The difference between septated and nonseptated nuchal cystic hygroma in the early second trimester. Obstet Gynecol. May 1993;81(5 pt 1):683-7. [Medline].

  8. Byrne J, Blanc WA, Warburton D, et al. The significance of cystic hygroma in fetuses. Hum Pathol. Jan 1984;15(1):61-7. [Medline].

  9. Zarabi M, Mieckowski GC, Mazer J. Cystic hygroma associated with Noonan''s syndrome. J Clin Ultrasound. Sep 1983;11(7):398-400. [Medline].

  10. Celentano C, Prefumo F, Iezzi I, et al. Cystic hygroma and mid-trimester maternal serum screening. J Med Screen. 2007;14(3):109-12. [Medline].

  11. Dallapiccola B, Zelante L, Perla G, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of recurrence of cystic hygroma with normal chromosomes. Prenat Diagn. Sep-Oct 1984;4(5):383-6. [Medline].

  12. Chervenak FA, Isaacson G, Blakemore KJ, et al. Fetal cystic hygroma. Cause and natural history. N Engl J Med. Oct 6 1983;309(14):822-5. [Medline].

  13. Rasidaki M, Sifakis S, Vardaki E, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of a fetal chest wall cystic lymphangioma using ultrasonography and MRI: a case report with literature review. Fetal Diagn Ther. Nov-Dec; 2005;20(6):504-7. [Medline].

  14. Benacerraf BR, Frigoletto FD Jr. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of isolated congenital cystic hygroma, unassociated with lymphedema or other morphologic abnormality. J Ultrasound Med. Feb 1987;6(2):63-6. [Medline].

  15. Cohen HL. Ascites and pleural effusion in hydrops. In: Cohen HL, Sivit CJ, eds. Fetal and Pediatric Ultrasound. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2001:79-82.

  16. Mota R, Ramalho C, Monteiro J, et al. Evolving indications for the EXIT procedure: the usefulness of combining ultrasound and fetal MRI. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2007;22(2):107-11. [Medline].

  17. Garden AS, Benzie RJ, Miskin M, et al. Fetal cystic hygroma colli: antenatal diagnosis, significance, and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Feb 1986;154(2):221-5. [Medline].

  18. Hoffman-Tretin J, Koenigsberg M, Ziprkowski M. Antenatal demonstration of axillary cystic hygroma. J Ultrasound Med. Apr 1988;7(4):233-5. [Medline].

  19. Lyngbye T, Haugaard L, Klebe JG. Antenatal sonographic diagnoses of giant cystic hygroma of the neck. A problem for the clinician. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1986;65(8):873-5. [Medline].

  20. Marchese C, Savin E, Dragone E, et al. Cystic hygroma: prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling. Prenat Diagn. May-Jun 1985;5(3):221-7. [Medline].

  21. Miller JM, Taboada JC. Cystic hygroma colli in an adult. Johns Hopkins Med J. Apr 1974;134(4):233-6. [Medline].

  22. Montinari M, Papadia J, Guido G, et al. [On cystic hygroma of the neck in infants. Considerations on 5 cases]. G Ital Chir. Sep 1965;21(5):577-95. [Medline].

  23. Pfeiffer KH, Bohm HR, Metzger H. [Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cystic neck hygroma. Comparison of sonographic and computed tomography findings]. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. Jun 1983;43(6):394-8. [Medline].

  24. Phillips HE, McGahan JP. Intrauterine fetal cystic hygromas: sonographic detection. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Apr 1981;136(4):799-802. [Medline].

Further Reading

Keywords

cystic hygroma, cystic lymphangiomas, familial nuchal blebs, FCH, fetal cystic hygromas, cystic hygroma colli, jugular lymphatic obstructive sequences, moist tumors, lymphatic malformations, Turner syndrome, Turner's syndrome, trisomy 21, Down syndrome, Down's syndrome, trisomy 18, Edwards syndrome, Noonan syndrome, Noonan's syndrome

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Durre Sabih, MBBS, MSc, Visiting Faculty, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pakistan Institute Applied Sciences and Nishtar Medical College; Director, Multan Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Ali Nawaz Khan, MBBS, FRCS, FRCP, FRCR, LRCP, Chairman of Medical Imaging, Professor of Radiology, NGHA, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Ali Nawaz Khan, MBBS, FRCS, FRCP, FRCR, LRCP is a member of the following medical societies: American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Radiological Society of North America, Royal College of Physicians, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of the United States, Royal College of Radiologists, and Royal College of Surgeons of England
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Sumaira MacDonald, MBChB, PhD, MRCP, FRCR, Lecturer, Sheffield University Medical School; Endovascular Fellow, Sheffield Vascular Institute
Sumaira MacDonald, MBChB, PhD, MRCP, FRCR is a member of the following medical societies: British Medical Association, Royal College of Physicians, and Royal College of Radiologists
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Zahida Sabih, MBBS, MSc, 
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Harris L Cohen, MD, FACR, Vice Chairman/Associate Chairman (Research Activities), Director, Division of Body Imaging, Professor of Radiology, Stony Brook School of Medicine; Visiting Professor of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Harris L Cohen, MD, FACR is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Radiology, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Association of Program Directors in Radiology, Radiological Society of North America, Society for Pediatric Radiology, and Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Bernard D Coombs, MB, ChB, PhD, Consulting Staff, Department of Specialist Rehabilitation Services, Hutt Valley District Health Board, New Zealand
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Karen L Reuter, MD, FACR, Professor, Department of Radiology, Lahey Clinic Medical Center
Karen L Reuter, MD, FACR is a member of the following medical societies: American Association for Women Radiologists, American College of Radiology, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American Roentgen Ray Society, and Radiological Society of North America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Robert M Krasny, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Radiology, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute
Robert M Krasny, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Roentgen Ray Society and Radiological Society of North America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Eugene C Lin, MD, Clinical Assistant Professor of Radiology, University of Washington Medical School
Eugene C Lin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Nuclear Medicine, American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America, and Society of Nuclear Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

 
 
HONcode

We subscribe to the
HONcode principles of the
Health On the Net Foundation

All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright© 1994- by Medscape.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.

DISCLAIMER: The content of this Website is not influenced by sponsors. The site is designed primarily for use by qualified physicians and other medical professionals. The information contained herein should NOT be used as a substitute for the advice of an appropriately qualified and licensed physician or other health care provider. The information provided here is for educational and informational purposes only. In no way should it be considered as offering medical advice. Please check with a physician if you suspect you are ill.