Multimedia
 | Media file 1: Lateral view in talipes equinovarus demonstrates an abnormally elevated tibiocalcaneal angle. A normal angle is 60-90°. |
 | Media file 2: Normal lateral view shows the measurement of the talocalcaneal angle. The calcaneal long axis is drawn along the plantar surface. The normal range is 25-45°. Note the normal overlap of the metatarsals on the lateral view. |
 | Media file 3: Lateral view of clubfoot shows the nearly parallel talus and calcaneus, with a talocalcaneal angle of less than 25°. |
 | Media file 4: Dorsoplantar projection of a healthy foot shows that the line through the long axis of the talus passes just medial to the base of the first metatarsal. The talocalcaneal angle measurement is shown. The normal range is 15-40°. |
 | Media file 5: Dorsoplantar views obtained in a patient with unilateral clubfoot show that the talus and calcaneus are more overlapped than in the normal condition. The talocalcaneal angle is 15° or less. Note that the line through the long axis of the talus passes lateral to the first metatarsal due to the varus position of the forefoot. |
 | Media file 6: Dorsoplantar view of talipes equinovarus shows that the convergence of the bases of the metatarsals is abnormally increased compared with the normal convergence (see Image 2). |
 | Media file 7: Lateral view of shows the ladderlike configuration of the metatarsals in forefoot varus in clubfoot. |
 | Media file 8: Image of clubfoot obtained after repair shows restoration of a normal talocalcaneal angle on the dorsoplantar view. The line along the long axis of the talus now passes medial to the first metatarsal; this finding indicates overcorrection of the forefoot varus. |
 | Media file 9: Postoperative lateral view of a clubfoot shows persistent parallelism of the talus and calcaneus. Note the characteristic flattening of the talar dome on this true lateral view of the ankle. |
 | Media file 10: Lateral radiographs obtained in a 12-year-old girl after surgical clubfoot repair shows persistent forefoot varus and resultant stress changes (cortical thickening) in the most lateral metatarsals. |
 | Media file 11: DP radiographs obtained in the same girl as in Image 10 after surgical clubfoot repair shows persistent forefoot varus and resultant stress changes to the lateral metatarsals. |
 | Media file 12: Clubfoot. Sonogram of the medial aspect of a normal foot illustrates the relationships between the cartilaginous medial malleolus (M), ossified talus (T), and nonossified navicular (N). The first metatarsal (1) is also ossified. |
 | Media file 13: The distance between the medial malleolus (M) and navicular (N) can be reproducibly measured in a dynamic range of motion. Here, it is shown in the neutral position in the normal foot. |
 | Media file 14: With abduction of the normal foot, the distance between the medial malleolus and the navicular increases. |
 | Media file 15: Medial ultrasonogram shows a clubfoot in the neutral position. |
 | Media file 16: Image of a clubfoot in abduction shows a smaller increase in the distance between the medial malleolus and navicular, compared with the distance in the normal foot. This patient may benefit from medial soft tissue release. |
More on Clubfoot |
| Overview: Clubfoot |
| Imaging: Clubfoot |
| Follow-up: Clubfoot |
 Multimedia: Clubfoot |
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References
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Further Reading
Keywords
talipes equinovarus, hindfoot equinus, hindfoot varus, forefoot varus, myelomeningocele, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, tibial hemimelia
