eMedicine Specialties > Radiology > Pediatrics

Craniosynostosis: Multimedia

Author: Majid A Khan, MD, Consulting Neuroradiologist, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, GV(Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center
Coauthor(s): David I Weltman, MD, Consulting Staff, S & D Medical, LLP; Director, Department of Radiology, Southside Hospital; Brian J Webber, DO, Staff Physician, Department of Radiology, Nassau University Medical Center; Dvorah Balsam, MD, Chief, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Nassau University Medical Center; Professor, Department of Clinical Radiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Contributor Information and Disclosures

Updated: Jun 1, 2007

Multimedia

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 1: Sagittal synostosis. The anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the head is markedly increased (dolichocephaly), with flattening of the superior contour noted. The sagittal suture is fused, with widening of both the coronal suture and lambdoid suture.

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Sagittal synostosis. The anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the head is markedly increased (dolichocephaly), with flattening of the superior contour noted. The sagittal suture is fused, with widening of both the coronal suture and lambdoid suture.

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 2: Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan viewed from the top shows complete fusion of the sagittal suture, with a patent coronal suture and an elongated cranial contour. Apparent holes in the posterior parietal regions are due to normal thinning.

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan viewed from the top shows complete fusion of the sagittal suture, with a patent coronal suture and an elongated cranial contour. Apparent holes in the posterior parietal regions are due to normal thinning.

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 3: Coronal synostosis. The AP diameter of the head is shortened (brachycephaly), with partially fused coronal sutures and a widened sagittal suture. Note the bilateral harlequin configuration of the orbits (see also the slitlike appearance of the coronal suture in Image 4).

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Coronal synostosis. The AP diameter of the head is shortened (brachycephaly), with partially fused coronal sutures and a widened sagittal suture. Note the bilateral harlequin configuration of the orbits (see also the slitlike appearance of the coronal suture in Image 4).

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 4: Coronal synostosis. The AP diameter of the head is shortened (brachycephaly), with partially fused coronal sutures and a widened sagittal suture (same patient as in Image 3). Note the bilateral harlequin configuration of the orbits and the slitlike appearance of the coronal suture (arrow). The margins of the coronal suture are densely sclerotic as well.

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Coronal synostosis. The AP diameter of the head is shortened (brachycephaly), with partially fused coronal sutures and a widened sagittal suture (same patient as in Image 3). Note the bilateral harlequin configuration of the orbits and the slitlike appearance of the coronal suture (arrow). The margins of the coronal suture are densely sclerotic as well.

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 5: Three-dimensional CT scan shows brachycephaly. The AP diameter is shortened, with completely fused coronal sutures and open lambdoid sutures.

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Three-dimensional CT scan shows brachycephaly. The AP diameter is shortened, with completely fused coronal sutures and open lambdoid sutures.

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 6: Trigonocephaly. Oblique view of the skull shows a ridge or keel in the midline of the frontal bone due to early fusion of the metopic suture (arrow).

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Trigonocephaly. Oblique view of the skull shows a ridge or keel in the midline of the frontal bone due to early fusion of the metopic suture (arrow).

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 7: Combined synostosis also demonstrating plagiocephaly. AP view in a newborn with combined fusion of the sagittal and coronal sutures. Note the sclerotic margins and heaped-up bone of the fusing sagittal suture, the flattening of the right side of the calvaria (plagiocephaly), and the right harlequin orbit (see also Image 8).

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Combined synostosis also demonstrating plagiocephaly. AP view in a newborn with combined fusion of the sagittal and coronal sutures. Note the sclerotic margins and heaped-up bone of the fusing sagittal suture, the flattening of the right side of the calvaria (plagiocephaly), and the right harlequin orbit (see also Image 8).

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 8: Combined synostosis also demonstrating plagiocephaly (same patient as in Image 7). Lateral view in a newborn with combined fusion of the sagittal and coronal sutures. The right coronal suture is abnormally straight (large arrow) and narrow in appearance, whereas the left suture is normal (small arrow).

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Combined synostosis also demonstrating plagiocephaly (same patient as in Image 7). Lateral view in a newborn with combined fusion of the sagittal and coronal sutures. The right coronal suture is abnormally straight (large arrow) and narrow in appearance, whereas the left suture is normal (small arrow).

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 9: Three-dimensional CT scan demonstrates combined coronal and sagittal synostosis. Vertex view shows a normal lambdoid suture with complete fusion of the sagittal and coronal sutures.

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Three-dimensional CT scan demonstrates combined coronal and sagittal synostosis. Vertex view shows a normal lambdoid suture with complete fusion of the sagittal and coronal sutures.

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 10: Apert syndrome. Markedly deformed tower-shaped head resulting from the premature fusion of all cranial sutures (same patient as in Image 11). Patient also had syndactyly, mitten hands, and sock feet.

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Apert syndrome. Markedly deformed tower-shaped head resulting from the premature fusion of all cranial sutures (same patient as in Image 11). Patient also had syndactyly, mitten hands, and sock feet.

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 11: Apert syndrome. Markedly deformed tower-shaped head resulting from the premature fusion of all cranial sutures (same patient as in Image 10). Patient also had syndactyly, mitten hands, and sock feet. Note the abnormal soft-tissue and bony fusion of toes.

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Apert syndrome. Markedly deformed tower-shaped head resulting from the premature fusion of all cranial sutures (same patient as in Image 10). Patient also had syndactyly, mitten hands, and sock feet. Note the abnormal soft-tissue and bony fusion of toes.

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 12: Crouzon disease. Note the abnormal shape of the head, with premature fusion of the sagittal suture and hypoplastic maxilla, which is severely disproportionate to the normal mandible (same patient as in Image 13).

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Crouzon disease. Note the abnormal shape of the head, with premature fusion of the sagittal suture and hypoplastic maxilla, which is severely disproportionate to the normal mandible (same patient as in Image 13).

(Enlarge Image)

Media file 13: Crouzon disease. Patient had an abnormal shape of the head with premature fusion of the sagittal suture and hypoplastic maxilla (same patient as in Image 12). Clinically, the patient had severe proptosis due to underdeveloped orbits.

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Crouzon disease. Patient had an abnormal shape of the head with premature fusion of the sagittal suture and hypoplastic maxilla (same patient as in Image 12). Clinically, the patient had severe proptosis due to underdeveloped orbits.

More on Craniosynostosis

Overview: Craniosynostosis

Imaging: Craniosynostosis

Follow-up: Craniosynostosis

Multimedia: Craniosynostosis

References

« Previous Page

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

References

Jabs EW. Toward understanding the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis through clinical and molecular correlates. Clin Genet. Feb 1998;53(2):79-86. [Medline].
Krakow D, Santulli T, Platt LD. Use of three-dimensional ultrasonography in differentiating craniosynostosis from severe fetal molding. J Ultrasound Med. Apr 2001;20(4):427-31. [Medline].
Behrman RE, Kuelman R, Jenson H. Craniosynostosis. In: Kliegman R. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 16th. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 2000:1831-2.
Cohen MM Jr. Craniosynostosis update 1987. Am J Med Genet Suppl. 1988;4:99-148. [Medline].
Goetz C, Pappert E. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. Philadelphia, Pa: Harcourt Brace & Co; 1999:533-4.
Kapp-Simon KA, Speltz ML, Cunningham ML, Patel PK, Tomita T. Neurodevelopment of children with single suture craniosynostosis: a review. Childs Nerv Syst. Mar 2007;23(3):269-81. [Medline].
Lin H, Ruiz-Correa S, Shapiro LG, Hing A, Cunningham ML, Speltz M. Symbolic shape descriptors for classifying craniosynostosis deformations from skull imaging. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2005;6:6325-31. [Medline].
Merkes J, Sarnat H. Child Neurology. 6th. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000:351-4.
Mitsukawa N, Satoh K, Hayashi T, Furukawa Y, Suse T, Uemura T, et al. Sinus pericranii associated with craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg. Jan 2007;18(1):78-84. [Medline].
Rudolph A, Hoffman J, Rudolph C. Rudolph's Pediatrics. 20th. Stamford, Conn: Appleton & Lange; 1996:412-4.
Silverman FN, Caffey J, Kuhn JP. Mosby-Year Book. In: Essentials of Caffey's Pediatric X-Ray Diagnosis. Chicago, Ill: 1990:11-19.
Swaiman K, Ashwal S. Mosby-Year Book. In: Pediatric Neurology: Principles & Practice. 3rd. Philadelphia, Pa: 1999:276-84.

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Keywords

premature fusion of cranial sutures, cranial sutures, simple craniosynostosis, compound craniosynostosis, cranial synostosis, synostosis, suture synostosis, sagittal synostosis, coronal synostosis, metopic synostosis, lambdoid synostosis, combined synostosis, scaphocephaly, dolichocephaly, brachycephaly, plagiocephaly, oxycephaly, trigonocephaly, kleeblattschädel deformity, Cloverleaf deformity, Crouzon disease, Chotzen syndrome, Apert syndrome

[ CLOSE WINDOW ]

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Majid A Khan, MD, Consulting Neuroradiologist, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, GV(Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center
Majid A Khan, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Radiology and American Society of Neuroradiology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

David I Weltman, MD, Consulting Staff, S & D Medical, LLP; Director, Department of Radiology, Southside Hospital
David I Weltman, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Radiology, American Roentgen Ray Society, Association of Program Directors in Radiology, New York County Medical Society, and Radiological Society of North America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Brian J Webber, DO, Staff Physician, Department of Radiology, Nassau University Medical Center
Brian J Webber, DO is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Student Association/Foundation and American Osteopathic Association
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Dvorah Balsam, MD, Chief, Division of Pediatric Radiology, Nassau University Medical Center; Professor, Department of Clinical Radiology, State University of New York at Stony Brook
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Charles M Glasier, MD, Professor, Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Chief, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Vice-Chief, Pediatric Radiology, Arkansas Children's Hospital
Charles M Glasier, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Radiology and American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Pharmacy Editor

Bernard D Coombs, MB, ChB, PhD, Consulting Staff, Department of Specialist Rehabilitation Services, Hutt Valley District Health Board, New Zealand
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Marta Hernanz-Schulman, MD, FAAP, Professor, Radiology, Radiological Sciences, and Pediatrics, Director, Department of Pediatric Radiology, Radiologist-in-Chief, Director, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital
Marta Hernanz-Schulman, MD, FAAP is a member of the following medical societies: American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine and American Roentgen Ray Society
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

Robert M Krasny, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Radiology, The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute
Robert M Krasny, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Roentgen Ray Society and Radiological Society of North America
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Eugene C Lin, MD, Consulting Staff, Department of Radiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center
Eugene C Lin, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Nuclear Medicine, American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America, and Society of Nuclear Medicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Search for CME/CE on This Topic »

CLOSE [X]
SPECIALTY SITES Allergy & Clinical Immunology Anesthesiology Cardiology Critical Care Dermatology Diabetes & Endocrinology Emergency Medicine Family Medicine Gastroenterology General Surgery Hematology-Oncology HIV/AIDS Infectious Diseases	Internal Medicine Lab Medicine Nephrology Neurology Ob/Gyn & Women's Health Oncology Ophthalmology Orthopaedics Pathology & Lab Medicine Pediatrics Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine Psychiatry & Mental Health Public Health & Prevention Pulmonary Medicine	Radiology Rheumatology Surgery Transplantation Urology Women's Health OTHER SITES Business of Medicine Medscape Today Med Students Nurses Pharmacists

eMedicine Specialties > Radiology > Pediatrics

Craniosynostosis: Multimedia

Multimedia

Sagittal synostosis. The anteroposterior (AP) diameter of the head is markedly increased (dolichocephaly), with flattening of the superior contour noted. The sagittal suture is fused, with widening of both the coronal suture and lambdoid suture.

Three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) scan viewed from the top shows complete fusion of the sagittal suture, with a patent coronal suture and an elongated cranial contour. Apparent holes in the posterior parietal regions are due to normal thinning.

Coronal synostosis. The AP diameter of the head is shortened (brachycephaly), with partially fused coronal sutures and a widened sagittal suture. Note the bilateral harlequin configuration of the orbits (see also the slitlike appearance of the coronal suture in Image 4).

Three-dimensional CT scan shows brachycephaly. The AP diameter is shortened, with completely fused coronal sutures and open lambdoid sutures.

Trigonocephaly. Oblique view of the skull shows a ridge or keel in the midline of the frontal bone due to early fusion of the metopic suture (arrow).

Three-dimensional CT scan demonstrates combined coronal and sagittal synostosis. Vertex view shows a normal lambdoid suture with complete fusion of the sagittal and coronal sutures.

Apert syndrome. Markedly deformed tower-shaped head resulting from the premature fusion of all cranial sutures (same patient as in Image 11). Patient also had syndactyly, mitten hands, and sock feet.

Apert syndrome. Markedly deformed tower-shaped head resulting from the premature fusion of all cranial sutures (same patient as in Image 10). Patient also had syndactyly, mitten hands, and sock feet. Note the abnormal soft-tissue and bony fusion of toes.

Crouzon disease. Note the abnormal shape of the head, with premature fusion of the sagittal suture and hypoplastic maxilla, which is severely disproportionate to the normal mandible (same patient as in Image 13).

Crouzon disease. Patient had an abnormal shape of the head with premature fusion of the sagittal suture and hypoplastic maxilla (same patient as in Image 12). Clinically, the patient had severe proptosis due to underdeveloped orbits.

More on Craniosynostosis

References

Further Reading

Keywords

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Coauthor(s)

Medical Editor

Pharmacy Editor

Managing Editor

CME Editor

Chief Editor