Intervention
The role for interventional radiology is controversial. Percutaneous biopsy can offer diagnostic and prognostic factors that are necessary to assign the patient to a low, intermediate, or high-risk treatment protocol, such as DNA index, N-MYC status, and favorable or unfavorable histology. Dr Shimada, who defined the current histologic system, currently does not recognize the role of percutaneous needle biopsy for diagnosis.16
Radiofrequency ablation potentially can treat limited hepatic or bone metastases. However, hepatic metastases often regress with age or treatment, and bone metastases can respond to chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
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References
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Further Reading
Keywords
neuroblastoma, esthesioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, neuroectodermal tumor, neuroblasts, Homer-Wright rosettes, pediatric neoplasm, pediatric malignancy, Hirschsprung disease, fetal alcohol syndrome, Digeorge syndrome
Follow-up: Neuroblastoma