Radiation Cystitis: Multimedia

References

1. Lips IM, Dehnad H, van Gils CH, Boeken Kruger AE, van der Heide UA, van Vulpen M. High-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer using daily fiducial marker-based position verification: acute and late toxicity in 331 patients. Radiat Oncol. May 21 2008;3:15. [Medline].

2. Osaki T, Ueta E, Yoneda K, Hirota J, Yamamoto T. Prophylaxis of oral mucositis associated with chemoradiotherapy for oral carcinoma by Azelastine hydrochloride (Azelastine) with other antioxidants. Head Neck. Jul-Aug 1994;16(4):331-9. [Medline].

3. Kaplan JR, Wolf JS Jr. Efficacy and survival associated with cystoscopy and clot evacuation for radiation or cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis. J Urol. Feb 2009;181(2):641-6. [Medline].

4. Antonakopoulos GN, Hicks RM, Berry RJ. The subcellular basis of damage to the human urinary bladder induced by irradiation. J Pathol. Jun 1984;143(2):103-16. [Medline].

5. Beard CJ, Lamb C, Buswell L, Schneider L, Propert KJ, Gladstone D, et al. Radiation-associated morbidity in patients undergoing small-field external beam irradiation for prostate cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. May 1 1998;41(2):257-62. [Medline].

6. Boersma LJ, van den Brink M, Bruce AM, Shouman T, Gras L, te Velde A, et al. Estimation of the incidence of late bladder and rectum complications after high-dose (70-78 GY) conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer, using dose-volume histograms. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Apr 1 1998;41(1):83-92. [Medline].

7. Crook J, Esche B, Futter N. Effect of pelvic radiotherapy for prostate cancer on bowel, bladder, and sexual function: the patient's perspective. Urology. Mar 1996;47(3):387-94. [Medline].

8. Del Pizzo JJ, Chew BH, Jacobs SC, Sklar GN. Treatment of radiation induced hemorrhagic cystitis with hyperbaric oxygen: long-term followup. J Urol. Sep 1998;160(3 Pt 1):731-3. [Medline].

9. Dewan AK, Mohan GM, Ravi R. Intravesical formalin for hemorrhagic cystitis following irradiation of cancer of the cervix. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. Aug 1993;42(2):131-5. [Medline].

10. Donahue LA, Frank IN. Intravesical formalin for hemorrhagic cystitis: analysis of therapy. J Urol. Apr 1989;141(4):809-12. [Medline].

11. Duncan W, Williams JR, Kerr GR, Arnott SJ, Quilty PM, Rodger A, et al. An analysis of the radiation related morbidity observed in a randomized trial of neutron therapy for bladder cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Dec 1986;12(12):2085-92. [Medline].

12. Farquharson DI, Shingleton HM, Sanford SP, Soong SJ, Varner RE Jr, Hester S. The short-term effect of pelvic irradiation for gynecologic malignancies on bladder function. Obstet Gynecol. Jul 1987;70(1):81-4. [Medline].

13. Goldman SM, Fishman EK, Gatewood OM, Jones B, Siegelman SS. CT in the diagnosis of enterovesical fistulae. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Jun 1985;144(6):1229-33. [Medline].

14. Goswami AK, Mahajan RK, Nath R, Sharma SK. How safe is 1% alum irrigation in controlling intractable vesical hemorrhage?. J Urol. Feb 1993;149(2):264-7. [Medline].

15. Greenlee RT, Murray T, Bolden S, Wingo PA. Cancer statistics, 2000. CA Cancer J Clin. Jan-Feb 2000;50(1):7-33. [Medline].

16. Hampson SJ, Woodhouse CR. Sodium pentosanpolysulphate in the management of haemorrhagic cystitis: experience with 14 patients. Eur Urol. 1994;25(1):40-2. [Medline].

17. Hancock SL, Luxton G, Chen Y, et al. Intensity modulated radiotherapy for localized or regional treatment of prostatic cancer - Clinical implementation and improvement in acute tolerance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;48:252-3.

18. Hanfmann B, Engels M, Dörr W. Radiation-induced impairment of urinary bladder function. Assessment of micturition volumes. Strahlenther Onkol. Nov 1998;174 Suppl 3:96-8. [Medline].

19. Jereczek-Fossa B, Jassem J, Nowak R, Badzio A. Late complications after postoperative radiotherapy in endometrial cancer: analysis of 317 consecutive cases with application of linear-quadratic model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. May 1 1998;41(2):329-38. [Medline].

20. Kohler M, Michel C, Zimmermann A. Histological changes after fractionated whole or partial irradiation of the rabbit urinary bladder. Acta Oncol. 1995;34(2):199-204. [Medline].

21. Koper PC, Stroom JC, van Putten WL, Korevaar GA, Heijmen BJ, Wijnmaalen A, et al. Acute morbidity reduction using 3DCRT for prostate carcinoma: a randomized study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Mar 1 1999;43(4):727-34. [Medline].

22. Kucera H, Langer M, Smekal G, Weghaupt K. Radiotherapy of primary carcinoma of the vagina: management and results of different therapy schemes. Gynecol Oncol. May 1985;21(1):87-93. [Medline].

23. Lee HC, Liu CS, Chiao C, Lin SN. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in hemorrhagic radiation cystitis: a report of 20 cases. Undersea Hyperb Med. Sep 1994;21(3):321-7. [Medline].

24. Likourinas M, Cranides A, Jiannopoulos B, Kostakopoulos A, Dimopoulos C. Intravesical formalin for the control of intractable bladder haemorrhage secondary to radiation cystitis or bladder cancer. Urol Res. Jun 22 1979;7(2):125-6. [Medline].

25. Lin HH, Sheu BC, Lo MC, Huang SC. Abnormal urodynamic findings after radical hysterectomy or pelvic irradiation for cervical cancer. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. Nov 1998;63(2):169-74. [Medline].

26. Liu YK, Harty JI, Steinbock GS, Holt HA Jr, Goldstein DH, Amin M. Treatment of radiation or cyclophosphamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis using conjugated estrogen. J Urol. Jul 1990;144(1):41-3. [Medline].

27. Lowe BA, Stamey TA. Endoscopic topical placement of formalin soaked pledgets to control localized hemorrhage due to radiation cystitis. J Urol. Aug 1997;158(2):528-9. [Medline].

28. Luxton G, Hancock SL, Boyer AL. Dosimetry and radiobiologic model comparison of IMRT and 3D conformal radiotherapy in treatment of carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. May 1 2004;59(1):267-84. [Medline].

29. Marks LB, Carroll PR, Dugan TC, Anscher MS. The response of the urinary bladder, urethra, and ureter to radiation and chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Mar 30 1995;31(5):1257-80. [Medline].

30. Montana GS, Fowler WC. Carcinoma of the cervix: analysis of bladder and rectal radiation dose and complications. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Jan 1989;16(1):95-100. [Medline].

31. Moreno JG, Ahlering TE. Late local complications after definitive radiotherapy for prostatic adenocarcinoma. J Urol. Mar 1992;147(3 Pt 2):926-8. [Medline].

32. Neheman A, Nativ O, Moskovitz B, Melamed Y, Stein A. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis. BJU Int. Jul 2005;96(1):107-9. [Medline].

33. Nurmi M, Puntala P, Torniainen K. Alum irrigation in the treatment of severe haemorrhage from the bladder. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1987;76(3):173-5. [Medline].

34. Parsons CL. Successful management of radiation cystitis with sodium pentosanpolysulfate. J Urol. Oct 1986;136(4):813-4. [Medline].

35. Perez CA, Grigsby PW, Lockett MA, Chao KS, Williamson J. Radiation therapy morbidity in carcinoma of the uterine cervix: dosimetric and clinical correlation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Jul 1 1999;44(4):855-66. [Medline].

36. Pilepich MV, Krall J, George FW, Asbell SO, Plenk HD, Johnson RJ, et al. Treatment-related morbidity in phase III RTOG studies of extended-field irradiation for carcinoma of the prostate. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Oct 1984;10(10):1861-7. [Medline].

37. Pilepich MV, Krall JM, Sause WT, Johnson RJ, Russ HH, Hanks GE, et al. Correlation of radiotherapeutic parameters and treatment related morbidity in carcinoma of the prostate--analysis of RTOG study 75-06. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. Mar 1987;13(3):351-7. [Medline].

38. Quilty PM, Duncan W, Kerr GR. Results of a randomised study to evaluate influence of dose on morbidity in radiotherapy for bladder cancer. Clin Radiol. Nov 1985;36(6):615-8. [Medline].

39. Sanchiz F, Milla A, Artola N, Julia JC, Moya LM, Pedro A, et al. Prevention of radioinduced cystitis by orgotein: a randomized study. Anticancer Res. Jul-Aug 1996;16(4A):2025-8. [Medline].

40. Sandhu SS, Goldstraw M, Woodhouse CR. The management of haemorrhagic cystitis with sodium pentosan polysulphate. BJU Int. Oct 2004;94(6):845-7. [Medline].

41. Shiels RA, Nissenbaum MM, Mark SR, Browde S. Late radiation cystitis after treatment for carcinoma of the bladder. S Afr Med J. Dec 6 1986;70(12):727-8. [Medline].

42. Singh I, Laungani GB. Intravesical epsilon aminocaproic acid in management of intractable bladder hemorrhage. Urology. Sep 1992;40(3):227-9. [Medline].

43. Stryker JA, Bartholomew M, Velkley DE, Cunningham DE, Mortel R, Craycraft G, et al. Bladder and rectal complications following radiotherapy for cervix cancer. Gynecol Oncol. Jan 1988;29(1):1-11. [Medline].

44. Suresh UR, Smith VJ, Lupton EW, Haboubi NY. Radiation disease of the urinary tract: histological features of 18 cases. J Clin Pathol. Mar 1993;46(3):228-31. [Medline].

45. Tunuguntla HS, Bhandari M, Srivastava A, Kapoor R, Saha TK. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy control of intractable hematuria following radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. A novel approach. Arch Esp Urol. May 2000;53(4):396-402. [Medline].

46. Vale JA, Liu K, Whitfield HN, Trott KR. Post-irradiation bladder dysfunction: muscle strip findings. Urol Res. 1994;22(1):51-5. [Medline].

47. Weiss JP, Mattei DM, Neville EC, Hanno PM. Primary treatment of radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis with hyperbaric oxygen: 10-year experience. J Urol. Jun 1994;151(6):1514-7. [Medline].

48. Zelefsky MJ, Fuks Z, Happersett L, Lee HJ, Ling CC, Burman CM, et al. Clinical experience with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol. Jun 2000;55(3):241-9. [Medline].

49. Zoubek J, McGuire EJ, Noll F, DeLancey JO. The late occurrence of urinary tract damage in patients successfully treated by radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma. J Urol. Jun 1989;141(6):1347-9. [Medline].

Further Reading

For additional informations, see Medscape’s Bladder Cancer Resource Center, Prostate Cancer Resource Center, and Colorectal Cancer Resource Center.

Keywords

radiation cystitis, postradiation cystitis, radiation injury to the bladder, irritative voiding symptoms, asymptomatic hematuria, gross hematuria, contracted nonfunctional bladder, persistent incontinence, fistula formation, necrosis, hemorrhagic cystitis, vesical fistula, bladder neck contracture, neoplasia, contracted bladder, radiation morbidity, radiosensitivity, radiation neuritis, postradiation fibrosis, telangiectasia, diffuse erythema, prominent submucosal vascularity, mucosal edema, dysuria, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer

Contributor Information and Disclosures

Author

Nicolas A Muruve, MD, FRCSC, FACS, Associate Staff, Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Florida
Nicolas A Muruve, MD, FRCSC, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Society of Transplant Surgeons, American Urological Association, and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Medical Editor

Michael Grasso, MD, Chairman, Department of Urology, Saint Vincent's Medical Center; Professor and Vice Chairman, Department of Urology, New York Medical College
Michael Grasso, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Urological Association, California Medical Association, and Endourological Society
Disclosure: Karl Storz Endoscopy Consulting fee Consulting; Boston Scientific Consulting fee Consulting

Pharmacy Editor

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD, Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Managing Editor

Dan Theodorescu, MD, PhD, Paul Mellon Professor of Urologic Oncology, Department of Urology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center
Dan Theodorescu, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: American Cancer Society, American College of Surgeons, American Urological Association, Medical Society of Virginia, Society for Basic Urologic Research, and Society of Urologic Oncology
Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

CME Editor

J Stuart Wolf Jr, MD, FACS, David A Bloom Professor of Urology, Director of Division of Minimally Invasive Urology, Department of Urology, University of Michigan
J Stuart Wolf Jr, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Urological Association, Catholic Medical Association, Endourological Society, Society for Urology and Engineering, Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, Society of University Urologists, and Society of Urologic Oncology
Disclosure: Terumo Corporation Consulting fee Consulting; Omeros Corporation Consulting fee Consulting

Chief Editor

Edward David Kim, MD, FACS, Professor of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, University of Tennessee Medical Center
Edward David Kim, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, American Society of Andrology, American Urological Association, and Tennessee Medical Association
Disclosure: Lilly Consulting fee Consulting; Astellas Consulting fee Speaking and teaching; Indevus Consulting fee Speaking and teaching