Urethral Syndrome Follow-up

  • Author: Martha K Terris, MD, FACS; Chief Editor: Edward David Kim, MD, FACS   more...
 
Updated: Jan 23, 2012
 

Further Outpatient Care

  • Emotional support and encouragement of patient with urethral syndrome are essential. Reevaluation for possible urinary tract infection and malignancy is also imperative whenever symptoms worsen.
  • Acupuncture and electroacupuncture have been used in China with some short-term benefits[4] ; however, the lack of adequate scientific data and expertise by Western physicians in the practice of acupuncture significantly hinder its widespread practice.
  • Botulinum toxin (BOTOX®) injections have some promise in treating urethral symptoms that occur with other conditions, but studies have yet to be performed for its use in urethral syndrome.[5]
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Inpatient & Outpatient Medications

  • Even when an optimum medical therapy is determined, symptoms may wax and wane, requiring further adjustment of the medical regimen.
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Complications

  • The secondary psychological impact of chronic pain syndromes can be substantial. Consultation with a psychiatrist or pain management specialist may be helpful.
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Prognosis

  • Symptoms of urethral syndrome usually improve slowly as the patient ages, but the problem may be lifelong.
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Patient Education

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Contributor Information and Disclosures
Author

Martha K Terris, MD, FACS  Professor, Department of Surgery, Section of Urology, Director, Urology Residency Training Program, Medical College of Georgia; Professor, Department of Physician Assistants, Medical College of Georgia School of Allied Health; Chief, Section of Urology, Augusta Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Martha K Terris, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American Cancer Society, American College of Surgeons, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, American Society of Clinical Oncology, American Urological Association, Association of Women Surgeons, New York Academy of Sciences, Society of Government Service Urologists, Society of University Urologists, Society of Urology Chairpersons and Program Directors, and Society of Women in Urology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Coauthor(s)

Subbarao V Cherukuri, MD  Consulting Staff, Department of Urology, St Joseph Regional Health Center

Subbarao V Cherukuri, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Urological Association and Ohio State Medical Association

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Christopher A Hathaway, MD, PhD  Resident Physician, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia

Christopher A Hathaway, MD, PhD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD  Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Medscape Salary Employment

Mark Jeffrey Noble, MD  Consulting Staff, Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Mark Jeffrey Noble, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Medical Association, American Urological Association, Kansas Medical Society, Sigma Xi, Society of University Urologists, and Southwest Oncology Group

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

J Stuart Wolf Jr, MD, FACS  The David A Bloom Professor of Urology, Director, Division of Endourology and Stone Disease, Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical School

J Stuart Wolf Jr, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Urological Association, Catholic Medical Association, Endourological Society, Society for Urology and Engineering, Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, Society of University Urologists, and Society of Urologic Oncology

Disclosure: Nothing to disclose.

Chief Editor

Edward David Kim, MD, FACS  Professor of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Tennessee Graduate School of Medicine; Consulting Staff, University of Tennessee Medical Center

Edward David Kim, MD, FACS is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Surgeons, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, American Society of Andrology, American Urological Association, Sexual Medicine Society of North America, and Tennessee Medical Association

Disclosure: Lilly Consulting fee Advisor; Astellas Consulting fee Speaking and teaching; Watson Consulting fee Speaking and teaching; Allergan Consulting fee Speaking and teaching

References

  1. Bogart LM, Suttorp MJ, Elliott MN, Clemens JQ, Berry SH. Validation of a quality-of-life scale for women with bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Qual Life Res. Dec 7 2011;[Medline].

  2. Ichim G, Fufezan O, Farcau M, Asavoaie C, Pop D, Staticescu S, et al. Clinical, imaging and cystometric findings of voiding dysfunction in children. Med Ultrason. Dec 2011;13(4):277-82. [Medline].

  3. Costantini E, Zucchi A, Del Zingaro M, Mearini L. Treatment of urethral syndrome: a prospective randomized study with Nd:YAG laser. Urol Int. 2006;76(2):134-8. [Medline].

  4. Chen YL, Ha LF, Cen J, et al. [Comparative observation on therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and manual acupuncture on female urethral syndrome]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu. Jun 2005;25(6):425-6. [Medline].

  5. Cruz F, Silva C. Botulinum toxin in the management of lower urinary tract dysfunction: contemporary update. Curr Opin Urol. Nov 2004;14(6):329-34. [Medline].

  6. Allen TD. Commentary on dysfunctional abnormalities of the urinary tract. Urol Clin North Am. Jun 1980;7(2):357-9. [Medline].

  7. Barrett DM, Wein AJ, Barrett DM, Wein AJ. Voiding dysfunction: Diagnosis, classification, and management. In: Gillenwater JY, Grayhack JT, Howards SS, eds. Adult and Pediatric Urology. Vol 1. 2nd ed. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby-Year Book; 1073-5.

  8. Bogart LM. Berry SH. Clemens JQ. Symptoms of interstitial cystitis, painful bladder syndrome and similar diseases in women: a systematic review. J. Urol. Feb. 2007;177(2):450-6. [Medline].

  9. Gerstenberg TC, Lykkegaard Nielsen M, Lindenberg J. Spastic striated external sphincter syndrome imitating recurrent urinary tract infection in females. Effect of long-term alpha- adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine. Eur Urol. 1983;9(2):87-92. [Medline].

  10. Kaur H, Arunkalaivanan AS. Urethral pain syndrome and its management. Obstet Gynecol Surv. May 2007;62(5):348-51. [Medline].

  11. Lemack GE, Foster B, Zimmern PE. Urethral dilation in women: a questionnaire-based analysis of practice patterns. Urology. Jul 1999;54(1):37-43. [Medline].

  12. Schmidt RA. The urethral syndrome. Urol Clin North Am. May 1985;12(2):349-54. [Medline].

  13. Sugaya K, Nishijima S, Oda M, et al. Transabdominal vesical sonography of urethral syndrome and stress incontinence. Int J Urol. Jan 2003;10(1):36-42. [Medline].

  14. Voelzke BB, Breyer BN, McAninch JW. Blunt pediatric anterior and posterior urethral trauma: 32-year experience and outcomes. J Pediatr Urol. Jun 9 2011;[Medline].

  15. Weiss JM. Pelvic floor myofascial trigger points: manual therapy for interstitial cystitis and the urgency-frequency syndrome. J Urol. Dec 2001;166(6):2226-31. [Medline].

  16. Wesselmann U, Burnett AL, Heinberg LJ. The urogenital and rectal pain syndromes. Pain. Dec 1997;73(3):269-94. [Medline].

  17. Zhang D, Xu Z. [Female prostatitis]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. Jul 2004;10(7):547-8, 550. [Medline].

 
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