Tarantula Envenomation Follow-up
- Author: Scott D Fell, DO, FAAEM; Chief Editor: Rick Kulkarni, MD more...
Further Inpatient Care
Except for cases of significant anaphylaxis, inpatient care is not indicated.
Further Outpatient Care
Patients with local dermatitis caused by urticating hairs should be discharged from the ED with a course of oral corticosteroids (eg, prednisone) and an antihistamine such as cetirizine (Zyrtec) or diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
Cetirizine may be preferred because of its lower incidence of anticholinergic adverse effects and the convenience of once-a-day dosing. The drawback of cetirizine is its higher cost.
A prescription for oral analgesics also should be provided.
Local skin wounds from tarantula bites or urticating hairs should be re-examined in 48 hours; patients should be educated regarding the signs and symptoms of infection.
Patients with ocular involvement should be seen by an ophthalmologist as soon as possible (< 24 h).
Deterrence/Prevention
Tarantula bites can be avoided almost completely by not attempting to handle or harass these arachnids. Wearing gloves when gardening and being cautious about hand placement can prevent accidental bites.
Complications
Ophthalmia nodosa and panuveitis can complicate ocular exposure to tarantula hairs.
Prognosis
Experience with ocular injuries is somewhat limited, and more information is necessary for accurate conclusions regarding long-term prognosis.
Recovery from eye injuries may be prompt but has been delayed up to 72 months.
No cases of infection from tarantula bites or skin exposure to urticarial hairs have been reported; therefore, prophylactic antibiotics are not recommended.
Patient Education
As tarantulas become increasingly popular as pets, owners need to be aware of the potential injuries that can occur.
Discourage frequent and routine handling of tarantulas. Handlers should wear gloves, avoid tarantula contact with their face and eyes, and wash their hands after working with tarantulas.
For excellent patient education resources, visit eMedicine's Bites and Stings Center. Also, see eMedicine's patient education articles, Black Widow Spider Bite and Brown Recluse Spider Bite.
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