eMedicine Specialties > Emergency Medicine > Gastrointestinal
Disk Battery Ingestion: Differential Diagnoses & Workup
Updated: Oct 2, 2009
- Overview
- Differential Diagnoses & Workup
- Treatment & Medication
- Follow-up
- Multimedia
Differential Diagnoses
Esophageal Perforation, Rupture and
Tears
Esophagitis
Toxicity, Heavy Metals
Other Problems to Be Considered
Workup
Laboratory Studies
- Obtain blood and urine mercury levels only if the mercury-containing cell has been observed to fragment in the GI tract or radiopaque droplets are observed in the gut on radiographs.
Imaging Studies
- Radiography
- Radiography is indicated to confirm the ingestion and to establish the location of ingested disk batteries.
- Disk batteries have a relatively characteristic appearance on radiograph. When viewed from above, they appear much like a coin; however, a double density is often present. When viewed on edge, a much more rounded edge with a step off at the junction of the cathode and anode is seen (see Media file 3).
- Batteries located in the esophagus on initial radiograph frequently (28%) pass into the stomach spontaneously.
- Radiopaque droplets in the gut may be found on radiograph in patients with fragmented mercuric oxide cells.
More on Disk Battery Ingestion |
| Overview: Disk Battery Ingestion |
Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Disk Battery Ingestion |
| Treatment & Medication: Disk Battery Ingestion |
| Follow-up: Disk Battery Ingestion |
| Multimedia: Disk Battery Ingestion |
| References |
| « Previous Page | Next Page » |
References
Kuhns DW, Dire DJ. Button battery ingestions. Ann Emerg Med. Mar 1989;18(3):293-300. [Medline].
Litovitz T, Schmitz BF. Ingestion of cylindrical and button batteries: an analysis of 2382 cases. Pediatrics. Apr 1992;89(4 Pt 2):747-57. [Medline].
Langkau JF, Noesges RA. Esophageal burns from battery ingestion. Am J Emerg Med. May 1985;3(3):265. [Medline].
Bronstein AC, Spyker DA, Cantilena LR Jr, Green J, Rumack BH, Heard SE. 2006 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS). Clin Toxicol (Phila). Dec 2007;45(8):815-917. [Medline].
Chan YL, Chang SS, Kao KL, Liao HC, Liaw SJ, Chiu TF, et al. Button battery ingestion: an analysis of 25 cases. Chang Gung Med J. Mar 2002;25(3):169-74. [Medline].
Slamon NB, Hertzog JH, Penfil SH, Raphaely RC, Pizarro C, Derby CD. An unusual case of button battery-induced traumatic tracheoesophageal fistula. Pediatr Emerg Care. May 2008;24(5):313-6. [Medline].
Bass DH, Millar AJ. Mercury absorption following button battery ingestion. J Pediatr Surg. Dec 1992;27(12):1541-2. [Medline].
Campbell JB, Foley LC. A safe alternative to endoscopic removal of blunt esophageal foreign bodies. Arch Otolaryngol. May 1983;109(5):323-5. [Medline].
Gomes CC, Sakano E, Lucchezi MC, Porto PR. Button battery as a foreign body in the nasal cavities. Special aspects. Rhinology. Jun 1994;32(2):98-100. [Medline].
Gordon AC, Gough MH. Oesophageal perforation after button battery ingestion. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. Sep 1993;75(5):362-4. [Medline].
Lai MW, Klein-Schwartz W, Rodgers GC, Abrams JY, Haber DA, Bronstein AC. 2005 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' national poisoning and exposure database. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44(6-7):803-932. [Medline].
Mariani PJ, Wagner DK. Foley catheter extraction of blunt esophageal foreign bodies. J Emerg Med. 1986;4(4):301-6. [Medline].
Palmer O, Natarajan B, Johnstone A, Sheikh S. Button battery in the nose--an unusual foreign body. J Laryngol Otol. Oct 1994;108(10):871-2. [Medline].
Sheikh A. Button battery ingestions in children. Pediatr Emerg Care. Aug 1993;9(4):224-9. [Medline].
Tong MC, Van Hasselt CA, Woo JK. The hazards of button batteries in the nose. J Otolaryngol. Dec 1992;21(6):458-60. [Medline].
Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, et al. 2003 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med. Sep 2004;22(5):335-404. [Medline].
Further Reading
Keywords
battery ingestion, disk battery, watch battery, calculator battery, hearing aid battery, esophageal perforation, aortic perforation with exsanguinations, tracheoesophageal fistulae, esophageal damage, endoscopic retrieval, National Button Battery Ingestion Hotline, swallowed disk battery, button battery


Differential Diagnoses & Workup: Disk Battery Ingestion